The Penitente Moradas of AbiquiúAhlborn, Richard E.
History
The Penitente Moradas of Abiquiú
Ahlborn, Richard E.
Abiquiu (N.M.) -- Religious life and customs; Hermanos Penitentes -- New Mexico -- Abiquiu; Moradas -- New Mexico -- Abiquiu
[Illustration: FIGURE 30. RELIGIOUS PRINTS IN TIN FRAMES. SIZE: 52.1
centimeters high (center). DATE: First three-quarters of 19th century.
ORIGIN: Prints imported to New Mexico; frames from New Mexico,
unidentified tinsmiths. LOCATION: East _morada_, walls in chapel
(west) room. MANUFACTURE: Tin frames: cut, repoussé, stamped and
soldered into Federal and Victorian designs. Prints: left,
_Guadalupe_, early 19th century, Mexican copperplate engraving;
center, _Guadalupe_, 1847, N. Currier, hand-colored lithograph; right,
_San Gregorio_ [Pope St. Gregory], mid-19th-century lithograph.]
[Illustration: FIGURE 31. NICHE WITH IMAGE OF THE HOLY CHILD OF ATOCHA
(_nicho_ and _El Santo Niño de Atocha_). SIZE: niche 44.4 centimeters
high, image 21.6 high. DATE: Second half of 19th century. ORIGIN: New
Mexico, unidentified tinsmith and _santero_. LOCATION: East _morada_,
wall in chapel room. MANUFACTURE: Tin: cut, repoussé, soldered into
fan, shell, and guilloche designs. Image: carved wood, gessoed and
painted red and white. Rosary and artificial flowers.]
These representations of religious personages are called _santos_, and
their makers, _santeros_. Flat panel paintings are known locally as
_retablos_, while sculptured forms are _bultos_. George Kubler,
distinguished art historian at Yale, suggests that _bultos_, because
of their greater dimensional realism, are more popular than planar
_retablos_ with the _Hispanos_.[62] Supporting this theory is the fact
that _bultos_ in the Abiquiú _moradas_ outnumber prints and _retablos_
two to one.
Perhaps the most distinctive three-dimensional image in any _morada_
is not a _santo_ by definition, but a unique figure that represents
death (_la muerte_). Also known as _La Doña Sebastiana_, her image
clearly marks a building as a _penitente_ sanctuary. Personifying
death with a sculptured image and dragging her cart to a cemetery
called _calvario_, the _penitentes_ of New Mexico reflect the sense of
fate common to Spanish-speaking cultures, the recognition that death
is life's one personal certainty.[63] The figure of death in the east
_morada_ hangs in the corner at the rear of the oratory. Placed
outside for examination, this _muerte_ (Figure 32) presents a flat,
oval face with blank eyes. The black gown and bow and arrow are
typical of _muerte_ figures.[64] Turning toward the altar (Figure 11),
one sees that death is outnumbered by images of hope and compassion:
Jesus, His mother, and the saints who intercede for man.
[Illustration: FIGURE 32. DEATH (_la muerte_). SIZE: 76.2 centimeters
high. DATE: Early 20th century. ORIGIN: New Mexico, unidentified
_santero_. LOCATION: East _morada_, back of oratory. MANUFACTURE:
Carved and whitewashed wood, glass eyes and wood teeth, dressed in
black fabric with white lace border, bow and arrow.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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