10. _Invariability of “kind”_ in the vegetable and animal kingdoms. The record in Genesis sets forth that God created grass, herb, and then fruit tree; “each after his kind;” also reptiles, fish, fowl and land-animals, each “after his kind;” and finally man “in the image of God.” Over against this the modern theory which bears the name of Darwin holds that all the animals of our globe “have descended from at most only four or five progenitors, and plants from an equal or lesser number;”[9] and moreover, that man has in this respect no pre-eminence above the beasts, but has descended in the same line with them from some one of the four or five progenitors of the great animal kingdom. More still he says in the same connection――“Analogy would lead me one step further, viz. to the belief that _all animals and plants_ have descended from some one prototype.”――――These four or five progenitors of the whole animal kingdom correspond substantially with what Webster calls the five sub-kingdoms, viz. Vertebrates, Articulates, Mollusks, Radiates, and Protozoans. The technical classification under these sub-kingdoms into Classes, Orders, Families, Genera, and Species becomes of little or no account in any discussion of Darwin’s system, for his theory of “descent with modifications” is reckless of all these lines of demarkation, traveling over and through them all without finding the least obstruction.――――Let it be distinctly understood therefore that though Mr. Darwin makes frequent use of the word “species,” and entitles one of his volumes――“_The Origin of Species_,” yet his theory takes a far wider range than the question whether “species are variable.” In his view not only are species variable, intermixing at will and passing from one into another, but genera also and families and orders and classes――not to say also each of the great sub-kingdoms of the animal world;[10] even the distinction between animals and vegetables fades away under his analogical argument. Hence the issue between Darwin and Moses is relieved of whatever uncertainty hangs over the dividing line between species and varieties, and may fitly be limited to these two points; the invariability of “_kind_” in the sense of Moses in Genesis; and the distinct origination of man.