The Peoples of IndiaAnderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Religion
The Peoples of India
Anderson, J. D. (James Drummond)
Caste -- India; Ethnology -- India; India -- Languages; India -- Religion
What, next, are castes as they appear to the eye of the European
ethnologist, free from preconceived prejudice, and only anxious to come
as near the truth as is possible in his dealings with ancient
institutions round which has gathered a vast mass of venerable
superstition and religious speculation? In the first place, castes are
often still recognisably _tribes_. Sometimes the leading men of an
aboriginal tribe will acquire sufficient wealth and social consideration
to wish to obtain the stamp of recognition as reputable Hindus. They
will call themselves, for example, and induce their neighbours and the
priests of these to call them, Rājputs. They may not at first succeed in
intermarrying with true hereditary Rājputs, but in time they will be
just Rājputs like any other Rājputs. Or, again, a number of non-Hindus,
animists, will join one of the many Hindu sects or fraternities and will
intermarry with Vaishnavas, Lingayats, Rāmayats, or other devotees of
some favourite deity. Or again, a whole tribe or a considerable portion
of a tribe, usually one of some political importance, will enter
Hinduism by means of some plausible fiction. The instance quoted by Sir
H. Risley is that of the Koches of north-eastern Bengal. These people
are Tibeto-Burmans and until recent times spoke a dialect of the
agglutinative Bodo language. They now call themselves Rājbansis, "of
royal birth," or Bhāngā Kshatriyas, "broken warriors," names which
enable them to claim an origin from the traditional dispersion of the
Aryan warrior caste by the hero Parasu Rāma, "Rāma of the battle axe."
They claim descent from the epic monarch Dasarath, father of Rāma, have
their own Brāahmins, and have begun to adopt the Brāhminical system of
exogamous _gotras_. But, as Sir H. Risley remarks, they are in a
transitional state, since they have all hit upon the same _gotra_, and
are therefore compelled to marry within it, except in the rare instances
in which they contract unions with Bengali women.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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