[87] Cf. _Handbook of the American Indians_, 2:2b, 661: “Formerly among the southern Plains tribes a buffalo skull was placed on a small mound in front of the sweat house, the mound being formed of earth excavated from the fireplace.” The original Comanche and Caddo moons appear to have been more horseshoe- than crescent-shaped, and the apron of the Caddoan Big Moons obviously developed from an elongation of the horns. The introduction of the heart is apparently Caddoan also, influenced probably by the Catholic “Sacred Heart” of Jesus. [88] Enoch Hoag was at one time John Wilson’s assistant or drummer. [89] A Comanche told Hoebel of a “moon” with the entire tipi-floor of cement; if this is identical with one I was told about, it has been subsequently destroyed. The rationalization given was that the cement floor distorted the sound of the drum, and a return to an earthen floor was made. [90] The Kiowa and Caddo are therefore at opposite extremes; the Kiowa were the leading spirits in the institutionalizing of peyotism in the Native American Church, which gathered to itself even the earlier Church of the First-born. In this respect they are the “Catholics” of the movement, and, tired of the warring rival Protestantisms let loose by Caddo visionaries, many groups are undergoing an “Oxford Movement” back to the simplest earlier native forms, sans Bible and sans elaborate altars, which after all have been the vehicles for prestige and wealth of ambitious individualism. [91] Several of Petrullo’s examples (Hoag, Black Wolf, etc.) are Caddo rather than Delaware. His Hoag moon (_The Diabolic Root_, pl. 5, B, p. 181) was given to the writer with a half-ellipse joining the moon-tips to form the lower part of the “face,” and the ash-mounds in position as “eyes,” and the two eastern hearts reversed. [92] Hoebel, _Northern Cheyenne Field Notes_; Parsons, _Taos Pueblo_, 64. [93] This specimen is figured in Schultes, _Peyote and Plants Used_, 7. Is this a reflex of an older Kickapoo pattern? The prophet Kanakuk furnished his followers with a chart showing a path through fire and water, and gave them prayer sticks graven with religious symbols. See _Handbook of the American Indians_, 1:650b, “Kanakuk.” [94] Petrullo, _Diabolic Root_, 50, 101, 113. The symbolism of twelve of the Caddo here is clearly a Delaware borrowing; cf. the twelve panels in the Big Moon altars, the twelve eagle feathers, and the twelve sticks of the fire. See Speck, _Delaware Big House_, for the symbolism of twelve (twelve “heavens” etc.; cf. the twelve steps in the altar apron of the Wilson moon). Petrullo says the twelve sticks represent the months of the year or the tail-feathers of the eagle. [95] Kroeber, _The Arapaho_, 401. See also Speck, _A Study of the Delaware Big House_, 47, 51. Cf. the Arapaho, Sitting Bull, the Ghost Dance prophet giving feathers to his assistants.