Indians of North America -- Religion; Indians of North America -- Rites and ceremonies; Peyotism
Though the most important of their fiestas, Huichol peyotism is a
seasonal matter, the hikuli seldom being eaten outside the ceremonial
period in January. In October a preliminary trip lasting fifteen days
each way is made to Real Catorce (San Luis Potosí) to obtain the plants.
The eight or twelve pilgrims bathe and sleep in the temple with their
wives the night before leaving, not washing again until the feast
some four months later. After receiving new names for the trip, the
next morning they pray around a fire, wearing squirrel tails tied to
their hats, and sacrifice five tortillas[27] to the fire. Then, after
sprinkling their heads with a deer-tail dipped in water steeped with
certain herbs, all weep as each man puts his right hand on his wife’s
left shoulder and bids her farewell.[28]
Their route is full of religious associations, since formerly the gods
went out to seek peyote and now are met with in the shape of mountains,
stones and springs; their dreams en route are also important in deciding
religious arrangements for the coming year (who is to sacrifice cattle
for rain, who is to be fire-maker, etc.). The pilgrims carry sacred
hour-glass shaped gourds and the leader also carries the yákwai, a ball
of native-grown tobacco called macuchi, which is solemnly distributed
after they pass Puerta de Cerda. In the afternoon they place ceremonial
arrows toward the four corners of the world, and sit around a fire until
midnight. Tobacco belongs to the personified fire; after much praying the
leader touches the tobacco-ball with his plumes and wraps small portions
in corn husks[29] “so that they look like diminutive tamales,” and each
man puts one in a special tobacco-gourd tied to his quiver. This act
symbolizes the birth of tobacco and henceforth they must preserve ritual
order on the march, and only cease to be the “prisoner” of Grandfather
Fire when the sacred bundles are given back to him, i.e., burned.
On the fourth afternoon the women at home gather to confess their sins to
Grandfather Fire; they knot palm-leaves lest they forget the name of even
a single lover and the men consequently find no hikuli. After this public
confession each woman throws her leaf into the fire and becomes ritually
clean. The men make a similar confession “to the five winds” a little
beyond Zacatecas and burn their tallies in the fire. The hikuli-seekers
are henceforth gods and the leaders fast (save for eating stray plants)
until they reach the peyote country.[30]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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