[23] The title-page of this book reads in English thus: "Religious hospital work [conducted] by the sons of our pious father and patriarch, the father of the poor, St. John of God, in his province of San Raphael of the Philipinas Islands: a condensed epitome of its foundation, progress, and present condition, in succinct and instructive style. Dedicated to the very reverend father Fray Alonso de Jesus y Ortega, general of the same holy hospital order, by the reverend father Fray Antonio de Arze, vicar provincial and visitor, and prior of the convent at Manila--in obedience to whom it was written by Fray Juan Manuel Maldonado de Puga, a religious and priest; preacher, master of novices, and chaplain rector in the same convent of Manila. Year of 1742." The dedication to the general, by Antonio de Arze, is dated at Manila, July 14, 1740. The book is approved by Fray Pedro de Zaragoza, of the same order, at Ocaña, February 26, 1742; and permission for its issue is given by the general of the order at Granada, September 28 following. It is approved by Father Martin Garcia, S.J., "synodal examiner of this archbishopric and that of Sevilla, and of the bishoprics of Malaga and Barzelona," at Granada, on September 20; and the license by the ordinary is dated at Granada, on September 26. The approval of the book by the Inquisition is signed by Fray Pablo de Ezija, a Capuchin, at Granada, June 12 of the same year; and finally, the permission of the royal Council to print it is dated at Madrid, on July 9. The colophon reads: "Printed at Granada, by Joseph de la Puerta, printer and seller of books: year of 1742." [24] The same as French entresol; apparently equivalent to the English word "basement," and referring to the space left under Filipino buildings. [25] Spanish, azucar rosado; described by Dominguez as "sugar cooked to the point of caramel, to which is added a little lemon juice, so that the sugar remains [granulated] like sponge sugar, thus serving, with water, for a refreshing drink." [26] These signatures indicate that the opinion rendered by the Jesuits dates back of 1717, since in that year Clain died; it is probably earlier than 1708, since in that year Arias and Bobadilla went to the Palaos Islands (Murillo Velarde, Hist. de Philipinas, fol. 377 verso). [27] Palma brava: the common name of Livistonia rotundifolia, of the order Palmæ; see Merrill's Dictionary of the Plant Names of the Philippines (Manila, 1903). [28] Of interest in this connection is Herrmann Sokeland's "Ancient Desemers or Steelyards," in Annual Report of Smithsonian Institution, 1900, pp. 551-364. It is well illustrated with engravings of various primitive weighing instruments which are preserved in the museums of Berlin, Germany, some of which came from Thibet and India. [29] Apparently meaning here, not the Castilian language in general, but as spoken in the islands.