The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
Again, if we collect mathematical reasons from externals, why
are not demonstrations composed from sensibles, better than the
demonstrations of universal and simple species? For we say, in order
to the investigation of any thing sought, that the principles and
propositions, should be allied to the conclusions. If then, particulars
are the causes of universals, and sensibles the sources of reasoning,
why does the boundary of demonstration always refer to that which is
more universal, and not to that which is partial and particular? And
how can we prove that the essence of intelligibles is more allied to
demonstration than the essence of sensibles? For thus they speak[76]:
his knowledge is not legitimate, who demonstrates that the isosceles,
the equilateral, or the scalene triangle, have angles equal to two
right; but he possesses science, properly so called, who demonstrates
this of every triangle simply, or of triangle itself. And again,
that universals, for the purpose of demonstration, are superior to
particulars; that demonstrations concern things more universal; but
that the principles from which demonstrations are composed, have a
priority of existence, and a precedency in nature to singulars, and
are the causes of the propositions they prove. It is very remote,
therefore, from the nature of Apodictical sciences, that from converse
with things of posterior origin, and from the dark perceptions of
sense, they should falsely collect their indubitable propositions.
I add farther, that they who affirm this, make the soul of a baser
nature than the material species themselves. For if matter derives from
nature beings essential, and participating a high degree of entity and
evidence; but the soul, by a posterior energy, receives these from
sensible objects, and fashions in herself resemblances and images
of posterior origin, contemplating vile essences, and abstracting
from matter, the forms inseparable from its nature; do they not make
the soul more obscure and indigent than matter itself? For matter
is the receptacle of forms materialized, as the soul is of species
immaterialized. But in this case, matter would be the place of primary
beings, and the soul of such as are secondary and subordinate: matter
and its forms obtaining the lead in being, and existing as the sources
of the subsistence of immaterial forms. Lastly, the material forms
would have an essential existence, the others only an intentional
denomination. How then can the soul, which is the first participant of
intellect, and an intellective essence, and which derives from thence
consummate knowledge, and a plenitude of life, become the receptacle
of the most obscure species, the lowest in the order of things, and
participating the most imperfect existence. But this opinion, which has
been sufficiently exploded by others, needs no farther confutation.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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