The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elementsProclus
Philosophy
The philosophical and mathematical commentaries of Proclus on the first book of Euclid's elements (Vol. 1 of 2) : $b To which are added, A history of the restoration of Platonic theology, by the latter Platonists: And a translation from the Greek of Proclus's Theological elements
Proclus
Euclid. Elements; Platonists
But the spiric by Perseus, who composed an epigram on their invention,
to this purpose, “When Perseus had invented three spiral lines in five
sections, he sacrificed to the gods on the occasion.” And the three
sections of a cone, are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis: but of
spiral sections, one kind is twisted and involved, like the fetlock of
a horse; but another is dilated in the middle, and deficient in each
extremity: and another which is oblong, has less space in the middle,
but is dilated on each side. But the multitude of the other mixt lines
is infinite. For there is an innumerable multitude of solid figures,
from which there are constituted multiform sections. For a right line,
while it is circularly moved[148], does not make a certain determinate
superficies, nor yet conical, nor conchoidal lines, nor circumferences
themselves. Hence, if these solids are multifariously cut, they will
exhibit various species of lines. Lastly, of those lines which consist
about solids, some are of similar parts, as the helixes about a
cylinder; but others of dissimilar parts, as all the rest. From these
divisions, therefore, we may collect, that there are only three lines
of similar parts, the right, the circular, and the cylindric helix. The
two simple ones, indeed, existing in a plane, but the one mixt, about
a solid. And this Geminus evidently demonstrates, when he shews, that
if two right lines are extended from one point, to a line of similar
parts, so as to make equal angles upon that line, they shall be equal
to each other. And the demonstrations of this may be received by the
studious, from his volumes; since in these he delivers the origin of
spiral, conchoidal, and cissoidal lines. But we have barely related
the names and divisions of these lines, for the purpose of exciting
the ingenious to their investigation; as we think, that an accurate
enquiry after the method of detecting the properties of each, would be
superfluous in the present undertaking: since the geometrician only
unfolds to us in this work, simple and primary lines, i.e. the right
line, in the present definition; but a circular line, in the tradition
of a circle. For he then says, that the line terminating the circle,
is the circumference. But he makes no mention of mixt lines, though
he was well acquainted with mixt angles, I mean, the semi-circular
and cornicular: as also with plane mixt figures, i.e. segments and
sectors; and with solids, viz. cones and cylinders. Of each of the
rest, therefore, he delivers three species; but of lines only two, i.
e. the right and circular: for he thought it requisite in discourses
concerning things simple, to assume simple species; and all the rest
are more composite than lines. Hence, in imitation of the geometrician,
we also shall terminate their explanation with simple lines.
DEFINITION V.
A SUPERFICIES is that which has only Length and Breadth.
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