The determinants must be able to grow by reproduction, or by the
accretion of new biophors, since in each generation new germ-cells are
formed. If we say that they grow by reproduction in the sense that an
organism grows by reproduction, we beg the question of their means
of formation. Do they grow by the addition of similar substances in
the way that a crystal grows? If so, the molecules of which they are
composed must exist in the lymph stream bathing the germ-cells--that
is, the biophors themselves must already exist in this liquid, for if
we suppose that the biophors are able to divide and grow by making
use of the protein substances which we know are present in the lymph
stream, then we confer upon these bodies all the properties of the
fully developed organism. If they are present in the blood, then the
composition of the latter must be one of inconceivable complexity,
since it must contain as many substances as there are distinct tissues
in the animal body. We know, of course, that this is not the case. How,
then, are the biophors reproduced?
We must leave this field of unbridled speculation (which cannot surely
be “the most exact and rationalistic part of biology.”) What the study
of the reproduction of the organism does show is that something--which
we call the specific organisation--is handed down from parent to
offspring, and that this something _may_ possess a high degree of
stability. No apparent change of significance can be observed in
the very numerous generation of organisms (the 2000 generations of
_Paramœcium_, for instance, which were bred by Woodruff) which can
be produced by experimental breeding. Some species of animals--the
Brachiopod _Lingula_, for instance--have persisted unchanged since
Palæozoic times. Throughout the incredibly numerous generations
represented by this animal series, the specific organisation must have
been transmitted in an almost absolutely unchanged condition. The
germ-plasm is therefore continuous from generation to generation, and
it possesses an exceedingly great degree of constancy of character.
This conception of the continuity and stability of the specific
organisation is the feature of value in Weismannism, and all that
we know of the phenomena of heredity confirms it. But it is pure
speculation to regard the organisation as an aggregate of chemically
distinct substances, or if we say that this speculation is rather a
working hypothesis, then it must justify itself by leading us back
again to the results of experience.
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