There is nothing at all about motion here. All that we have done is
to measure lengths. We have made a kind of counterpoint, _X_-points
against _Y_-points, but we have not even made a curve. We connect the
points _A_, _B_, _C_, _D_, _E_, etc., by means of short, straight
lines, and then we may connect together these short lines, and, if we
plot a number of intermediate points between those that we have already
obtained and join these, the points may be so close together that they
may seem to be indistinguishable from a curve. Yet, no matter how
numerous they may be, they can never be connected together so as to
form a curve; we therefore draw a curved line freehand through them,
and at once, in so doing, we abandon our intellectual methods, for our
curve depends on our intuition of _continuously changing direction_.
But if we think about it we shall find that we can form no clear
intellectual notion of continuity and we can only measure the curvature
of a line _at a point in_ the line by drawing a tangent to the curve at
this point, and then by measuring the slope of the tangent. The curve
itself we obviously leave out of consideration.
We cannot conceive of the point moving along the locus _OD_. We can
think of it only as _at_ the places _O_, _A_, _B_, _C_, _D_, _E_, etc.,
but we must neglect the intervals _OA_, _AB_, _BC_, _CD_, _DE_, and so
on, or we can divide them into smaller intervals by supposing the point
to have occupied the positions _f_, _g_, _i_, _j_, between the points
_A_ and _B_, for instance. Yet, no matter how many these intervals
may be, we can only think of the point as being _at_ the places _O_,
_A_, _B_, _C_, _D_, _E_, or at _f_, _g_, _i_, _j_, and so on. We never
think of the intervals themselves, and, if all we think about is the
_position_ of the point, we do not really think of it as in motion at
all. We can _see_ it in motion, but we cannot form an intellectual
concept of its motion. It is not really necessary that we should in the
affairs of everyday life, but for the adequate treatment of problems
involving rates of change science had to wait for the invention of the
methods of the infinitesimal calculus before this disability of the
human mind could be circumvented.
But the moving point occupies _successively_ a number of different
positions in space. If it is a material point that we observe to move
from one place to another, we perceive that a certain interval of our
duration corresponds with the change of position of the point. Duration
was not used up in the occupancy of the different positions _O_, _A_,
_B_, _C_, _D_, _E_, and so on, nor in that of the occupancy of the
indefinitely numerous other positions in which we may place the moving
point, but in the intervals themselves. We have said “duration” and
not “time,” using Bergson’s term. By duration and time we understand
different things.
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