In March the physical signs of phthisis were evident in the left apex, as was ascertained by Dr. Russell, who saw the patient with me at that time. I need not detail symptoms or treatment, as they did not differ from what is usual; suffice it to say that improvement took place, but was temporary, and in April we recommended him to visit Jersey. He was there for three months (being considerably longer than I had intended), and at that time he thought that he found benefit from the sulphurous acid spray. However, he returned as bad, if not worse, than when he went, with night sweats, extreme prostration, cough, difficulty of breathing, and purulent expectoration. It was in this condition, and when he had had a trial of almost every other remedy, including a prolonged course of cod oil, that I proposed oxygen to him, and he began it July 24, 1868, in proportion of 6 pints to 60, increasing gradually up to 10 to 60, and taking this two or three times a week up to October 8, a period of 2½ months; during the whole course of the time, he had expressed himself as much relieved, both as to breathing power, cough, character of expectoration, appetite, and strength. He had gained weight, and the malady was quiescent. He had been accustomed to come from the country by train, and to ride back in a cab. On one unfortunate day (October 8), which was cold and very wet, he got into a cab the window of which was broken, drove six miles in the night air, in the course of that night got a sudden pain in the side, and dyspnœa, and when I saw him next day pneumonia had attacked the right lung, and he was desperately ill. Now the point of the case is this. It has been said that the inhalation of oxygen is liable to cause inflammation of the lung. Did it do so in this patient? That must be a question to be decided on the evidence, but I cannot think that it did. The dilution of the gas was great; the same quantity had been inhaled for weeks before without any injury, and the other exciting cause was such a probable one. At the end of a month’s time he was convalescent, and urgently requested the resumption of his inhalations. I consented, and he again expressed relief from them, especially as to the dyspnœa; but effusion in the right pleura came on gradually, but too surely; for some time we saw the end approaching, and he died last month. Almost to the last he expressed benefit from the gas, and he certainly suffered less than any consumptive patient whom I have ever seen.[10]