When we talk of first appearance, we mean the discovery of remains. All who believe in the doctrine of evolution, know that the class Mammalia must have appeared early in Paleozoic times. Thus, Mr. Wallace says, “Bats and whales—strange modifications of mammals—appear perfectly well developed in the Eocene. What countless ages back must we go for the origin of these groups—the whales from some ancestral carnivorous animal, the bats from the insectivora!” and even then we have to seek for the common origin of these groups at far earlier periods. “So that, on the lowest estimate, we must place the origin of the Mammalia very far back in Paleozoic times.” (“Island Life,” p. 201.) This word is also spelled Kainozoic, and Cainozoic. We follow Dana, p. 140. Dana, “Manual of Geology,” p. 488. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 28. Many of these animal forms were common during the early Eocene. (Winchell.) Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 29. Dana, “Geology,” p. 517. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 32. Marsh. “American Assoc. Rep.,” 1877. Haywood’s Heer’s “Primeval World of Switzerland,” p. 296. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 20. Ibid., p. 43. Dana’s “Manual of Geology,” p. 498. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 42. Dana’s “Manual of Geology,” p. 514. Haywood’s Heer’s “Primeval World of Switzerland,” p. 334. Haywood’s Heer’s “Primeval World of Switzerland.” Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” pp. 57 and 64. Ibid., p. 57: also, Haywood’s Heer’s “Primeval World of Switzerland.” Nicholson’s “Manual of Zoology,” p. 605. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 58. Ibid. 58. McLean: “Mastodon, Mammoth, and Man,” p. 67. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Europe,” p. 66. See “Outline,” p. 41. Lyell’s “Antiquity of Man,” p. 193. Quatrefages’s “Human Species,” p. 151. Prof. Winchell says: “Quatrefages does not now consider the proof decisive (_Hommes Fossiles et Hommes Sauvages,_ Paris, 1884, p. 95).” He cites, as agreeing with him, MM. Cotteau, Evans, “and, I believe, most of the members who have not publicly pronounced themselves.” Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 67. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 68. “Human Species,” p. 152. Prof. Winchell remarks that, though some savage races might have been living in tropical lands during the Miocene, still the oldest skull and jaws obtainable in Europe are of a higher type than these. Dana’s “Manual of Geology,” p. 523. Marsh: “American Assoc. Rep.,” 1877. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 73. Ibid., p. 78.