Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 77. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain,” p. 76. Winchell’s “Pre-Adamites,” Whitney’s “Auriferous Gravels of California,” Marsh’s “Address before American Assoc.,” 1879. “Antiquity of Man,” p. 234. “Prehistoric Times,” p. 433. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 343. Dawkins’s “Early Man in Britain.” Ibid. “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 318. Quatrefages’s “Hum. Species,” p. 150; Geikie’s “Prehistoric Eur.,” p. 345. “Pre-Adamites.” Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 344. Ibid. “Early Man in Britain,” p. 92. Geikie’s “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 344. Same as Glacial. See “Outline,” p. 41. “Early Man in Britain,” p. 92. “Prehistoric Europe,” p. 345, note 2. Chapter III MEN OF THE RIVER DRIFT.1 Beginning of the Glacial Age—Inter-glacial Age—Man living in Europe during this age—Map of Europe—Proof of former elevation of land—The animals living in Europe during this age—Conclusions drawn from these different animals—The vegetation of this period—Different climatic conditions of Europe during the Glacial Age—Proofs of a Glacial Age—Extent of the Glacial Ice—Evidence of warm Inter-glacial Age—The primitive state of man—Early English civilization—Views of Horace—Primitive man destitute of metals—Order in which different materials were used by man for weapons—Evidence, from the River Somme—History of Boucher de Perthes’s investigations—Discussion of the subject—Antiquity of these remains—Improvement during Paleolithic Age—Description of the flint implements—Other countries where these implements are found—What race of men were these tribes—The Canstadt race—Mr. Dawkins’s views—When did they first appear in Europe—The authorities on this question—Conclusion. The tertiary age, with its wonderful wealth of animal and plant life, gradually drew to its close. In our “Outline” we have named the period that next ensued the Glacial Age.2 This was sufficiently exact for our purpose then, but we must remember this is the name3 for a long series of years. During this period great changes in climate occurred. At its commencement, a genial temperate climate prevailed throughout Europe; and this, as we know, was preceded, during the Miocene Age, by a warm tropical one.4 This succession, then, shows us that, for some reason or other, the climate had been gradually growing colder. This change went forward uninterruptedly. Doubtless very gradually, from century to century, the seasons grew more and more severe, until, finally, the Summer’s sun no longer cleared the mountains of the Winter’s snow. This was the beginning of the Glacial Age proper.