The Press-Gang Afloat and AshoreHutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
History
The Press-Gang Afloat and Ashore
Hutchinson, J. R. (John Robert)
Great Britain -- History, Naval; Impressment
By some strange irony of circumstance there happened to be in the
English language a word--"pressed"--which tallied almost exactly in
pronunciation with the old French word _prest_, so long employed, as we
have seen, to differentiate from his fellows the man who, by the devious
means we have here described, was made "ready" for the sea service.
"Press" means to constrain, to urge with force--definitions precisely
connoting the development and manner of violent enlistment. Hence, as
the change from covert to overt violence grew in strength, "pressing,"
in the mouths of the people at large, came to be synonymous with that
most obnoxious, oppressive and fear-inspiring system of recruiting
which, in the course of time, took the place of its milder and more
humane antecedent, "presting." The "prest" man disappeared, [Footnote:
The Law Officers of the Crown retained him, on paper, until the close
of the eighteenth century--an example in which they were followed by
the Admiralty. To admit his disappearance would have been to knock the
bottom out of their case.] and in his stead there came upon the
scene his later substitute the "pressed" man, "forced," as Pepys so
graphically describes his condition, "against all law to be gone."
An odder coincidence than this gradual substitution of "pressed" for
_prest,_ or one more grimly appropriate in its application, it would
surely be impossible to discover in the whose history of nomenclature.
With the growth of the power and violence of the impress there was
gradually inaugurated another change, which perhaps played a larger part
than any other feature of the system in making it finally obnoxious to
the nation at large--finally, because, as we shall see, the nation
long endured its exactions with pathetic submission and lamentable
indifference. The incidence of pressing was no longer confined, as in
its earlier stages, to the overflow of the populace upon the country's
rivers, and bays, and seas. Gradually, as naval needs grew in volume and
urgency, the press net was cast wider and wider, until at length, during
the great century of struggle, when the system was almost constantly
working at its highest pressure and greatest efficiency, practically
every class of the population of these islands was subjected to its
merciless inroads, if not decimated by its indiscriminate exactions.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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