_d²x_ _d²y_ _d²z_
_m_ ----- = _e_X, _m_ ----- = _e_Y, _m_ ----- = _e_Z
_dt²_ _dt²_ _dt²_
Where (_x_, _y_, _z_) are the co-ordinates of the electron, and _m_ is
its mass.
Let the electron possess the velocity _v_ at a certain epoch of time.
Let us now investigate the laws according to which the electron will
move in the ‘particle of time’ immediately following this epoch.
Without influencing the generality of treatment, we can and we will
assume that, at the moment we are considering, the electron is at the
origin of co-ordinates, and moves with the velocity _v_ along the X-axis
of the system. It is clear that at this moment (_t_ = 0) the electron is
at rest relative to the system _k_, which moves parallel to the X-axis
with the constant velocity _v_.
From the suppositions made above, in combination with the principle of
relativity, it is clear that regarded from the system _k_, the electron
moves according to the equations
_d²_ξ _d²_η _d²_ζ
_m_ ----- = _e_X′, _m_ ----- = _e_Y′, _m_ ----- = _e_Z′ ,
_d_τ² _d_τ² _d_τ²
in the time immediately following the moment, where the symbols (ξ, η,
ζ, τ, X’, Y’, Z’) refer to the system _k_. If we now fix, that for _t_ =
_v_ = _y_ = _z_ = 0, τ = ξ = η = ζ = 0, then the equations of
transformation given in § 3 (and § 6) hold, and we have:
_v_
τ = β(_t_ - ---- _x_), ξ = β(_x_ - _vt_), η = _y_, ζ = _z_,
_c²_
_v_ _v_
X′ = X, Y′ = β(Y - --- N), Z′ = β(Z + --- M)
_c_ _c_
With the aid of these equations, we can transform the above equations of
motion from the system _k_ to the system K, and obtain:—
(A)
$$ \frac{d^2 x}{dt^2} = \frac{e}{m} \frac{1}{\beta} X $$ ,
$$ \frac{d^2 y}{dt^2} = \frac{e}{m} \frac{1}{\beta} (Y - \frac{v}{c} N)
$$ ,
$$ \frac{d^2 z}{dt^2} = \frac{e}{m} \frac{1}{\beta} (Z + \frac{v}{c} M)
$$
Let us now consider, following the usual method of treatment, the
longitudinal and transversal mass of a moving electron. We write the
equations (A) in the form
_d²x_
_m_β² ----- = _e_X = _e_X′
_dt²_
_d²y_ _v_
_m_β² ----- = _e_β (Y - --- N) = _e_Y′
_dt²_ _c_
_d²z_ _v_
_m_β² ----- = _e_β (Z - --- M) = _e_Z′
_dt²_ _c_
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