and let us first remark, that _e_X′, _e_Y′, _e_Z′ are the components of
the ponderomotive force acting upon the electron, and are considered in
a moving system which, at this moment, moves with a velocity which is
equal to that of the electron. This force can, for example, be measured
by means of a spring-balance which is at rest in this last system. If we
briefly call this force as “the force acting upon the electron,” and
maintain the equation:—
Mass-number × acceleration-number = force-number, and if we further fix
that the accelerations are measured in the stationary system K, then
from the above equations, we obtain:—
Longitudinal mass:
$$ \frac{m}{(\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}})^{\frac{3}{2}}} $$
Transversal mass:
$$ \frac{m}{\sqrt{1 - \frac{v^2}{c^2}}} $$
Naturally, when other definitions are given of the force and the
acceleration, other numbers are obtained for the mass; hence we see that
we must proceed very carefully in comparing the different theories of
the motion of the electron.
We remark that this result about the mass hold also for ponderable
material mass; for in our sense, a ponderable material point may be made
into an electron by the addition of an electrical charge which may be as
small as possible.
Let us now determine the kinetic energy of the electron. If the electron
moves from the origin of co-ordinates of the system K with the initial
velocity 0 steadily along the X-axis under the action of an
electromotive force X, then it is clear that the energy drawn from the
electrostatic field has the value ∫_e_X_dx_. Since the electron is only
slowly accelerated, and in consequence, no energy is given out in the
form of radiation, therefore the energy drawn from the electro-static
field may be put equal to the energy W of motion. Considering the whole
process of motion in questions, the first of equations A) holds, we
obtain:—
$$ W = \int eXdx = \int_0^v m\beta^3 vdv = mc^2 (\frac{1}{\sqrt{1 -
\frac{v^2}{c^2}}} - 1) $$
For _v_ = _c_, W is infinitely great. As our former result shows,
velocities exceeding that of light can have no possibility of existence.
In consequence of the arguments mentioned above, this expression for
kinetic energy must also hold for ponderable masses.
We can now enumerate the characteristics of the motion of the electrons
available for experimental verification, which follow from equations A).
1. From the second of equations A), it follows that an electrical force
Y, and a magnetic force N produce equal deflexions of an electron moving
with the velocity _v_, when Y = N_v_/_c_. Therefore we see that
according to our theory, it is possible to obtain the velocity of an
electron from the ratio of the magnetic deflexion A_{_m_}, and the
electric deflexion A_{_e_}, by applying the law:—
$$ \frac{A_{m}}{A_{e}} = \frac{v}{c} $$
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