The principles and practice of modern surgeryPark, Roswell
Science
The principles and practice of modern surgery
Park, Roswell
Surgery
C. _Temperature_ has also an influence in the same direction, and
extremes in either direction, or drying of vessels which may happen to
be exposed to the air for some time, lead to the same results.
D. _Inflammatory and degenerative processes_ occurring in and about the
vessel walls tend always to produce coagulation. This is well seen in
the influence exerted by the so-called _atheromatous ulcers_--_i. e._,
the degeneration of certain areas in the walls of large vessels.
E. _Microörganisms and their products_ are perhaps the most frequently
effective of all the accessory causes of thrombosis. In other words,
in all the surgical infectious diseases we may expect to find more or
less, sometimes extensive, thrombosis in the vessels of the affected
part. This may so far shut off circulation as to produce temporary or
permanent edema, or it may lead to gangrene, which may be local or may
terminate the life of the patient.
_Thrombi are classified_ as:
1. _Primary_; and
2. _Propagated_.
The _primary_ thrombus is one which has originated at the spot where
it has been first produced, and is usually co-extensive with its
cause. The propagated thrombus may be one which has been carried to
a considerable distance, and is met with at a point widely different
from that where it originated, or one which has extended along the
vascular channel in which it was first formed, but far beyond the
limits of its prime cause. When a thrombus attaches itself to a part
of the vessel wall it is called _parietal or valvular_, because it
does not completely occlude the vessel; when it involves the entire
circumference of the vessel, but does not completely occlude it, it
is spoken of as _annular_. The _obstructive_ thrombus is that which
completely fills a given vessel and shuts off all circulation through
it.
The _propagated_ thrombus extends usually in both directions, and
always much farther in veins than in arteries. Thus, thrombi may be
met with extending from the ankles even into the inferior vena cava.
The venous valves may on one hand excite coagulation, or on the other
tend to fix the coagula more firmly in their place. In arteries thrombi
usually extend only to the first collateral channel on the cardiac
side, but occasionally they spread farther. The _cause of a primary
thrombus_ is to be _sought at the site of its lodgement_; the _cause
of propagated thrombi_ is often observed _at a wide distance from the
effect_.
Thrombosis is, again, to be spoken of as--
_a. Marasmic;_
_b. Mechanical or traumatic;_
_c. Infective._
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