The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2) — John Shaqi
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)Spencer, Herbert
Science
The Principles of Biology, Volume 1 (of 2)
Spencer, Herbert
Biology
One further fact respecting these compounds of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen,
should be mentioned; namely, that they are divisible into two classes--the
one consisting of substances that result from the destructive decomposition
of organic matter, and the other consisting of substances that exist as
such in organic matter. These two classes of substances exhibit, in
different degrees, the properties to which we have been directing our
attention. The lower alcohols, their allies and derivatives, which possess
greater molecular mobility and chemical stability than the rest of these
triatomic compounds, are rarely found in animal or vegetal bodies. While
the sugars and amylaceous substances, the fixed oils and fats, the gums and
resins, which have all of them much less molecular mobility, and are,
chemically considered, more unstable and inert, are components of the
living tissues of plants and animals.
§ 4. Among compounds containing all the four chief organic elements, a
division analogous to that just named may be made. There are some which
result from the decomposition of living tissues; there are others which
make parts of living tissues in their state of integrity; and these two
groups are contrasted in their properties in the same way as are the
parallel groups of triatomic compounds.
Of the first division, certain products found in the animal excretions are
the most important, and the only ones that need be noted; such, namely, as
urea, kreatine, kreatinine. These animal-bases exhibit much less molecular
mobility than the average of the substances treated of in the last section:
being solid at ordinary temperatures, fusing, where fusible at all, at
temperatures above that of boiling water, and having no power to assume a
gaseous state. Chemically considered, their stability is low, and their
activity but small, in comparison with the stabilities and activities of
the simpler compounds.
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