The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume I
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
If a given element form but one basic oxide, it is termed the _oxide_;
for example, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide. Some
indifferent oxides are also called 'oxides' if they have not the
properties of peroxides, and at the same time do not show the properties
of acid anhydrides--for example, carbonic oxide, of which mention
has already been made. If an element forms two basic oxides (or two
indifferent oxides not having the characteristics of a peroxide) then
that of the lower degree of oxidation is called a _suboxide_--that is,
suboxides contain less oxygen than oxides. Thus, when copper is heated
to redness in a furnace it increases in weight and absorbs oxygen,
until for 63 parts of copper there is absorbed not more than 8 parts
of oxygen by weight, forming a red mass, which is suboxide of copper;
but if the roasting be prolonged, and the draught of air increased,
63 parts of copper absorb 16 parts of oxygen, and form black oxide of
copper. Sometimes to distinguish between the degrees of oxidation a
change of suffix is made in the oxidised element, _-ic_ oxide denoting
the higher degree of oxidation, and _-ous_ oxide the lower degree.
Thus ferrous oxide and ferric oxide are the same as suboxide of iron
and oxide of iron. If an element forms one anhydride only, then it is
named by an adjective formed from the name of the element made to end in
_-ic_ and the word _anhydride_. When an element forms two anhydrides,
then the suffixes _-ous_ and _-ic_ are used to distinguish them: _-ous_
signifying less oxygen than _-ic_; for example, sulphurous and sulphuric
anhydrides.[49] When several oxides are formed from the same element,
the prefixes _mon_, _di_, _tri_, _tetra_ are used, thus: chlorine
monoxide, chlorine dioxide, chlorine trioxide, and chlorine tetroxide
or chloric anhydride.
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