The Principles of Chemistry, Volume IIMendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Science
The Principles of Chemistry, Volume II
Mendeleyev, Dmitry Ivanovich
Argon; Chemistry; Periodic law
With respect to the feeble acid energy of boric anhydride I think
it useful to add the following remarks. Carbonic anhydride is
absorbed by a solution of borax, and displaces boric anhydride; but
it is also displaced by it, not only on fusion, but also on
solution, as the preparation of borax itself shows. Sulphuric
anhydride is absorbed by boric acid, forming a compound
B(HSO_{4})_{3}, where HSO_{4} is the radicle of sulphuric acid
(D'Ally). With phosphoric acid, boric acid forms a stable compound,
BPO_{4}, or B_{2}O_{3}P_{2}O_{5}, undecomposable by water, as
Gustavson and others have shown. With respect to tartaric acid,
boric anhydride is able to play the same part as antimonious oxide.
Mannitol, glycerol, and similar polyhydric alcohols also seem able
to form particularly characteristic compounds with boric anhydride.
All these aspects of the subject require still further explanation
by a method of fresh and detailed research.
[6] Ditte determined the sp. gr.:--
0° 12° 80°
B_{2}O_{3} 1·8766 1·8470 1·6988
B(OH)_{3} 1·5463 1·5172 1·3828
Solubility 1·95 2·92 16·82
The last line gives the solubility, in grams, of boric acid,
B(OH)_{3}, per 100 c.c. of water, also according to the
determinations of Ditte.
[7] It is evident that, in the presence of basic oxides, water competes
with them, which fact in all probability determines both the amount
of water in the salts of boric acid as well as their decomposition
by an excess of water. In confirmation of the above-mentioned
competing action between water and bases, I think it useful to
point out that the crystallo-hydrate of borax containing 5H_{2}O
may be represented as B(HO)_{3}, or rather as B_{2}(OH)_{6}, with
the substitution of one atom of hydrogen by sodium, since
Na_{2}B_{4}O_{7},5H_{2}O = 2B_{2}(OH)_{5}(ONa). The composition of
the acid boric salts is very varied, as is seen from the fact that
Reychler (1893) obtained (Cs_{2}O)3B_{2}O_{3}, (Rb_{2}O)2B_{2}O_{3}
(corresponding to borax) and (Li_{2}O)B_{2}O_{3}, and that Le
Chatelier and Ditte obtained, for CaO, MgO, &c., (RO)B_{2}O_{3},
(RO)_{2}3B_{2}O_{3}, (RO)2B_{2}O_{3}, (RO)_{2}B_{2}O_{3}, and even
(RO)_{3}B_{2}O_{3}.
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