The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)James, William
Philosophy
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 1 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
If they really were the innermost sanctuary, the _ultimate_ one of all
the selves whose being we can ever directly experience, it would follow
that _all_ that is experienced is, strictly considered, _objective_;
that this Objective falls asunder into two contrasted parts, one
realized as 'Self,' the other as 'not-Self; 'and that over and above
these parts there _is_ nothing save the fact that they are known,
the fact of the stream of thought being there as the indispensable
subjective condition of their being experienced at all. But this
_condition_ of the experience is not one of the _things experienced_
at the moment; this knowing is not immediately _known_. It is only
known in subsequent reflection. Instead, then, of the stream of thought
being one of _con_-sciousness, "thinking its own existence along with
whatever else it thinks," (as Ferrier says) it might be better called
a stream of _Scious_ness pure and simple, thinking objects of some of
which it makes what it calls a 'Me,' and only aware of its 'pure' Self
in an abstract, hypothetic or conceptual way. Each 'section' of the
stream would then be a bit of sciousness or knowledge of this sort,
including and contemplating its 'me' and its 'not-me' as objects which
work out their drama together, but not yet including or contemplating
its own subjective being. The sciousness in question would be the
_Thinker_, and the existence of this thinker would be given to us
rather as a logical postulate than as that direct inner perception
of spiritual activity which we naturally believe ourselves to have.
'Matter,' as something behind physical phenomena, is a postulate of
this sort. Between the postulated Matter and the postulated Thinker,
the sheet of phenomena would then swing, some of them (the 'realities')
pertaining more to the matter, others (the fictions, opinions, and
errors) pertaining more to the Thinker. But _who_ the Thinker would
be, or how many distinct Thinkers we ought to suppose in the universe,
would all be subjects for an ulterior metaphysical inquiry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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