The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
In the sense of hearing, similar mistakes abound. I have already
mentioned the hallucinatory effect of mental images of very faint
sounds, such as distant clock-strokes (above, p. 71). But even when
stronger sensations of sound have been present, everyone must recall
some experience in which they have altered their acoustic character as
soon as the intellect referred them to a different source. The other
day a friend was sitting in my room, when the clock, which has a rich
low chime, began to strike. "Hollo!" said he, "hear that hand-organ in
the garden," and was surprised at finding the real source of the sound.
I had myself some years ago a very striking illusion of the sort.
Sitting reading late one night, I suddenly heard a most formidable
noise proceeding from the upper part of the house, which it seemed to
fill. It ceased, and in a moment renewed itself. I went into the hall
to listen, but it came no more. Resuming my seat in the room, however,
there it was again, low, mighty, alarming, like a rising flood or
the _avant-courier_ of an awful gale. It came from all space. Quite
startled, I again went into the hall, but it had already ceased once
more. On returning a second time to the room, I discovered that it was
nothing but the breathing of a little Scotch terrier which lay asleep
on the floor. The noteworthy thing is that as soon as I recognized what
it was, I was compelled to think it a different sound, and could not
then _hear_ it as I had heard it a moment before.
In the anecdotes given by Delbœuf and Reid, this was probably also the
case, though it is not so stated. Reid says:
"I remember that once lying abed, and having been put into a fright, I
heard my own heart beat; but I took it to be one knocking at the door,
and arose and opened the door oftener than once, before I discovered
that the sound was in my own breast." (Inquiry, chap. iv. § 1.)
Delbœuf's story is as follows:
"The illustrious P. J. van Beneden, senior, was walking one evening
with a friend along a woody hill near Chaudfontaine. 'Don't you
hear,' said the friend, 'the noise of a hunt on the mountain?' M. van
Beneden listens and distinguishes in fact the giving-tongue of the
dogs. They listen some time, expecting from one moment to another to
see a deer bound by; but the voice of the dogs seems neither to recede
nor approach. At last a countryman comes by, and they ask him who it
is that can be hunting at this late hour. But he, pointing to some
puddles of water near their feet, replies: 'Yonder little animals are
what you hear.' And there there were in fact a number of toads of the
species _Bombinator igneus_.... This batrachian emits at the pairing
season a silvery or rather crystalline note.... Sad and pure, it is a
voice in nowise resembling that of hounds giving chase."[105]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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