The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
The sense of sight, as we have seen in studying Space, is pregnant with
illusions of both the types considered. No sense gives such fluctuating
impressions of the same object as sight does. With no sense are we
so apt to treat the sensations immediately given as mere signs; with
none is the invocation from memory of a _thing_, and the consequent
perception of the latter, so immediate. The 'thing' which we perceive
always resembles, as we have seen, the object of some absent sensation,
usually another optical figure which in our mind has come to be the
standard of reality; and it is this incessant reduction of our optical
objects to more 'real' forms which has led some authors into the
mistake of thinking that the sensations which first apprehend them are
originally and natively of no form at all.[106]
Of accidental and occasional illusions of sight many amusing examples
might be given. Two will suffice. One is a reminiscence of my own. I
was lying in my berth in a steamer listening to the sailors holystone
the deck outside; when, on turning my eyes to the window, I perceived
with perfect distinctness that the chief-engineer of the vessel had
entered my state-room, and was standing looking through the window
at the men at work upon the guards. Surprised at his intrusion, and
also at his intentness and immobility, I remained watching him and
wondering how long he would stand thus. At last I spoke; but getting no
reply, sat up in my berth, and then saw that what I had taken for the
engineer was my own cap and coat hanging on a peg beside the window.
The illusion was complete; the engineer was a peculiar-looking man; and
I saw him unmistakably; but after the illusion had vanished I found it
hard voluntarily to make the cap and coat look like him at all.
The following story, which I owe to my friend Prof. Hyatt, is of a
probably not uncommon class:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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