The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
"During the winter of 1858, while in Venice, I had the somewhat
peculiar illusion which you request me to relate. I remember the
circumstances very accurately because I have often repeated the story,
and have made an effort to keep all the attendant circumstances clear
of exaggeration. I was travelling with my mother, and we had taken
rooms at a hotel which had been located in an old palace. The room
in which I went to bed was large and lofty. The moon was shining
brightly, and I remember standing before a draped window, thinking
of the romantic nature of the surroundings, remnants of old stories
of knights and ladies, and the possibility that even in that room
itself love-scenes and sanguinary tragedies might have taken place.
The night was so lovely that many of the people were strolling through
the narrow lanes or so-called streets, singing as they went, and I
laid awake for some time listening to these patrols of serenaders,
and of course finally fell asleep. I became aware that some one
was leaning over me closely, and that my own breathing was being
interfered with; a decided feeling of an unwelcome presence of some
sort awakened me. As I opened my eyes I saw, as distinctly as I ever
saw any living person, a draped head about a foot or eighteen inches
to the right, and just above my bed. The horror which took possession
of my young fancy was beyond anything I have ever experienced. The
head was covered by a long black veil which floated out into the
moonlight, the face itself was pale and beautiful, and the lower
part swathed in the white band commonly worn by the nuns of Catholic
orders. My hair seemed to rise up, and a profuse perspiration attested
the genuineness of the terror which I felt. For a time I lay in this
way, and then gradually gaining more command over my superstitious
terrors, concluded to try to grapple with the apparition. It remained
perfectly distinct until I reached at it sharply with my hand, and
then disappeared, to return again, however, as soon as I sank back
into the pillow. The second or third grasp which I made at the head
was not followed by a reappearance, and I then saw that the ghost was
not a real presence, but depended upon the position of my head. If I
moved my eyes either to the left or right of the original position
occupied by my head when I awakened, the ghost disappeared, and by
returning to about the same position, I could make it reappear with
nearly the same intensity as at first. I presently satisfied myself
by these experiments that the illusion arose from the effect of the
imagination, aided by the actual figure made by a visual section of
the moonbeams shining through the lace curtains of the window. If
I had given way to the first terror of the situation and covered
up my head, I should probably have believed in the reality of the
apparition, since I have not by the slightest word, so far as I know,
exaggerated the vividness of my feelings."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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