The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PROCESS IN PERCEPTION.
Enough, has now been said to prove the general law of perception, which
is this, that _whilst part of what we perceive comes through our senses
from the object before us, another part_ (and it may be the larger
part) _always comes_ (in Lazarus's phrase) _out of our own head_.
At bottom this is only one case (and that the simplest case) of the
general fact that our nerve-centres are an organ for reacting on
sense-impressions, and that our hemispheres, in particular, are given
us in order that records of our private past experience may co-operate
in the reaction. Of course such a general way of stating the fact
is vague; and all those who follow the current theory of ideas will
be prompt to throw this vagueness at it as a reproach. Their way of
describing the process goes much more into detail. The sensation,
they say, awakens 'images' of other sensations associated with it in
the past. These images 'fuse,' or are 'combined' by the Ego with the
present sensation into a new product, the percept, etc., etc. Something
so indistinguishable from this in practical outcome is what really
occurs, that one may seem fastidious in objecting to such a statement,
specially if have no rival theory of the elementary processes to
propose. And yet, if this notion of images rising and flocking and
fusing _be_ mythological (and we have all along so considered it), why
should we entertain it unless confessedly as a mere figure of speech?
As such, of course, it is convenient and welcome to pass. But if we try
to put an exact meaning into it, all we find is that the brain reacts
by paths which previous experiences have worn, and makes us usually
perceive the probable thing, i.e., the thing by which on previous
occasions the reaction was most frequently aroused.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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