The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2) — John Shaqi
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)James, William
Science
The Principles of Psychology, Volume 2 (of 2)
James, William
Psychology
Certainly a child newly born in Boston, who gets a sensation from the
candle-flame which lights the bedroom, or from his diaper-pin, does
not feel either of these objects to be situated in longitude 72° W.
and latitude 41° N. He does not feel them to be in the third story of
the house. He does not even feel them in any distinct manner to be
to the right or the left of any of the other sensations which he may
be getting from other objects in the room at the same time. He does
not, in short, know anything _about_ their space-relations to anything
else in the world. The flame fills its own place, the pain fills its
own place; but as yet these places are neither identified with, nor
discriminated from, any other places. That comes later. For the places
thus first sensibly known are elements of the child's space-world which
remain with him all his life; and by memory and later experience he
learns a vast number of things _about_ those places which at first he
did not know. But to the end of time certain places of the world remain
defined for him as the places _where those sensations were_; and his
only possible answer to the question _where anything is_ will be to say
'_there_,' and to name some sensation or other like those first ones,
which shall identify the spot. Space _means_ but the aggregate of all
our possible sensations. There is no duplicate space known _aliunde_,
or created by an 'epoch-making achievement' into which our sensations,
originally spaceless, are dropped. They _bring_ space and all its
places to our intellect, and do not derive it thence.
By his body, then, the child later means simply _that place where_
the pain from the pin, and a lot of other sensations like it, were or
are felt. It is no more true to say that he locates that pain in his
body, than to say that he locates his body in that pain. Both are true:
that pain is part of what he _means by the word body_. Just so by the
outer world the child means nothing more than _that place where_ the
candle-flame and a lot of other sensations like it are felt. He no more
locates the candle in the outer world than he locates the outer world
in the candle. Once again, he does both; for the candle is part of what
he _means_ by 'outer world.'
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account