Transcriber’s Note In the Plain Text version of this eBook, molecular structures in the Chemistry chapter will display correctly only when a fixed-width font is used. Other special situations in that chapter are discussed in the Transcriber’s Notes at the end of this eBook. THE PROGRESS OF THE CENTURY BY ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE; PROF. WILLIAM RAMSAY; PROF. WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS-PETRIE; SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER; EDWARD CAIRD; WILLIAM OSLER; W. W. KEEN; PROF. ELIHU THOMSON; PRESIDENT THOMAS CORWIN MENDENHALL; SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE; CAPTAIN ALFRED T. MAHAN; ANDREW LANG; THOMAS C. CLARKE; CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS; REV. ALEXANDER V. G. ALLEN; PROF. RICHARD J. H. GOTTHEIL; PROF. GOLDWIN SMITH [Illustration] NEW YORK AND LONDON HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS 1901 Copyright, 1901, by HARPER & BROTHERS. Copyright, 1901, by THE SUN PRINTING AND PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION. _All rights reserved._ CONTENTS PAGE EVOLUTION. BY ALFRED RUSSEL WALLACE, LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S 3 CHEMISTRY. BY PROF. WILLIAM RAMSAY, PH.D., F.R.S., F.C.S., OFFICER OF THE LEGION OF HONOR 33 ARCHÆOLOGY. BY PROF. WILLIAM MATTHEW FLINDERS-PETRIE, D.C.L., LL.D., EDWARDS PROFESSOR OF EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON 73 ASTRONOMY. BY SIR JOSEPH NORMAN LOCKYER, C.B., F.R.S., DIRECTOR OF SOLAR PHYSICS OBSERVATORY, SOUTH KENSINGTON 105 PHILOSOPHY. BY EDWARD CAIRD, LL.D., D.C.L., PROFESSOR OF MORAL PHILOSOPHY, GLASGOW 145 MEDICINE. BY WILLIAM OSLER, LL.D., PROFESSOR OF MEDICINE AND PHYSICIAN TO HOSPITAL, JOHNS HOPKINS MEDICAL SCHOOL 173 SURGERY. BY W. W. KEEN, M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.S. (HON.), PROFESSOR OF THE PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY AND OF CLINICAL SURGERY, JEFFERSON MEDICAL COLLEGE, PHILADELPHIA 217 ELECTRICITY. BY PROF. ELIHU THOMSON, A.M., PH.D., CHEVALIER AND OFFICER OF THE LEGION OF HONOR 265 PHYSICS. BY PRESIDENT THOMAS CORWIN MENDENHALL, PH.D., D.SC., LL.D., MEMBER NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE 303 WAR. BY THE RIGHT HON. SIR CHARLES WENTWORTH DILKE, LL.M. 333 NAVAL SHIPS. BY CAPTAIN ALFRED T. MAHAN, LATE U.S.N., D.C.L., LL.D. 355 LITERATURE. BY ANDREW LANG, HON. FELLOW MERTON COLLEGE, OXFORD 389 ENGINEERING. BY THOMAS C. CLARKE. PAST PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF CIVIL ENGINEERS 421 RELIGION: CATHOLICISM. BY CARDINAL JAMES GIBBONS 455