The Protection of Fresh-Water MusselsCoker, R. E. (Robert Ervin)
Science
The Protection of Fresh-Water Mussels
Coker, R. E. (Robert Ervin)
Fishery law and legislation -- United States; Freshwater mussels
The question of whether steps should be taken to raise special funds on
account of the additional burdens that would be placed upon the present
boards is one that would be determined by each State in the light of
its own conditions and established customs. It would be very
undesirable to create a burdensome tax; to do so would only react
against the State, and in the end the tax would be paid by the
shellers, who are now making only a meager living, for the local
shellers would have to sell in competition with the shellers from
States where more liberal conditions prevail.
It is another matter, however, to require a nominal license fee for the
privilege of working upon the public mussel beds. Such a fee need not
be greater than $1 or $2 per season, an amount which could be paid by
anyone who wished to shell seriously. Perhaps the idea of a fee of any
kind would arouse some antagonism among a certain class of shellers who
would enjoy the public stores without return of any kind. Some shellers
favor such a license system, and the writer believes that they must all
eventually come to see that it works to their own particular advantage
in many ways. It tends to create a class of professional shellers,
besides providing the necessary means for promoting the abundance of
shells.
SUMMARY OF RECOMMENDED LEGISLATION.
The legislation recommended for protection of mussel beds, based upon
the considerations discussed in the preceding pages, may be summarized
as follows:
I. (_a_) A single size limit should be fixed as applicable to
all shells taken. The minimum size here proposed is 2 inches.
(_b_) The method of measuring the shell should be defined as
"in greatest dimension."
(_c_) Possession of undersized shells, whether or not sold or
offered for sale, should be illegal.
(_d_) There should be an allowable margin of undersized
shells for unintentional violation.
II. (_a_) Alternate portions of rivers or river systems
should be closed for a period of years, to permit
recuperation of mussel beds.
(_b_) The units of division of a river system should be large
enough to make enforcement practicable with least expense.
(_c_) The river would conveniently be broken at the few
points where there is most community interest involved in the
shelling.
(_d_) Approximately five-year periods of closure are
recommended, with some discretion allowed to executive
officers as to duration of period.
(_e_) Closed regions should be established by proclamation of
the governor of the State, after expert examination of the
mussel beds and after public hearings on the subject in the
communities affected.
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