[Footnote 222: _e. g._ "Zur Einführung des Narzißmus." _Jahrbuch der Psychoanalyse_, 1914, VI, 5 ff.] [Footnote 223: _Psychiatric Bulletin_, I, No. 1; "The Psychology of War," 49.] [Footnote 224: "Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War," 79 ff.] [Footnote 225: "The Psychology of Insanity," 167 ff.] CHAPTER XVI ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FAMILY TENDENCIES--LOVE ASPECTS [Sidenote: The love attitude] The problems connected with the origin, development and influence upon human history of the love attitude in relation to the family are, as we have said, in some respects both more important and more difficult than those connected with the hate attitude--more important because, as we have seen throughout, the hate attitude is to a considerable extent merely a consequence of, or at any rate dependent on, the love attitude; more difficult, because the psychic tendencies which enter into the love attitude are in general more unconscious in character, further removed from our everyday standard of conscious thought and feeling and, on the whole, subject also to more violent and more permanent conflicts and repressions. [Sidenote: The positive and negative aspects that have to be considered] We have seen that, in its positive form, this love attitude manifests itself in an incestuous affection--in the first place, perhaps always of the child for its mother; in what is perhaps a slightly more developed, but certainly a more easily recognisable form, of the child for its parent of the opposite sex; in a still more developed form, of brothers for sisters, or of more remote relatives for one another. In its negative form this attitude is manifested as a violent antipathy to any such incestuous attachment, at any rate in so far as this attachment assumes the sexual form or anything resembling such a form. We have here to consider, first, what can be the influences which bring about this incestuous attachment in the human mind--an attachment of such durability that, as we have seen, it determines to a large extent the nature and course of the whole of the subsequent love life of the individual, as well as of many of the activities which lie apparently far removed from the sphere of love or sex; secondly, given the existence of this attachment, what are the further influences which have brought about its repression--a repression that corresponds in strength and influence to the importance of the positive impulse to which it is opposed. [Sidenote: Influences determining the positive aspects] Let us consider first the positive side of the love attitude. The influences which, we may suggest, play an important part in bringing about a strong tendency to the formation of incestuous affections in the human mind may be most conveniently grouped under a number of separate heads. [Sidenote: The long duration of human childhood]