|--------+-| 5. In a certain school 216 children gave a sleigh-ride | | | party. They rented 7 sleighs at a cost of $30.00 and paid | | | $24.00 for the refreshments. The party travelled 15 miles | | | in 2-1/2 hours and had a very pleasant time. What was | | | each child's share of the expense? | | | |--------+-| 6. A girl found, by careful counting, that there were | | | 2400 letters on one page of her history, and only 2295 | | | letters on a page of her reader. How many more letters | | | had she read in one book than in the other if she had | | | read 47 pages in each of the books? | | | |--------+-| 7. Each of 59 rooms in the schools of a certain city | | | contributed 25 presents to a Christmas entertainment for | | | poor children. The stores of the city gave 1986 other | | | articles for presents. What was the total number of | | | presents given away at the entertainment? | | | |--------+-| 8. Forty-eight children from a certain school paid 10¢. | | | apiece to ride 7 miles on the cars to a woods. There in a | | | few hours they gathered 2765 nuts. 605 of these were bad, | | | but the rest were shared equally among the children. How | | | many good nuts did each one get? | | | |--------+-| Total | | | +--------+-+ These proposed measures of ability to apply arithmetic illustrate very nicely the differences of opinion concerning what applied arithmetic and arithmetical reasoning should be. The thinker who emphasizes the fact that in life out of school the situation demanding quantitative treatment is usually real rather than described, will condemn a test all of whose constituents are _described_ problems. Unless we are excessively hopeful concerning the transfer of ideas of method and procedure from one mental function to another we shall protest against the artificiality of No. 3 of the Stone series, and of the entire Courtis Test 8 except No. 4. The Courtis speed-reasoning test (No. 6) is a striking example of the mixture of ability to understand quantitative relations with the ability to understand words. Consider these five, for example, in comparison with the revised versions attached.[3]