"NATIVE REACTIONS" ENUMERATED BY PROF. JAMES.--Prof. James enumerates the "native reactions" as (1) fear, (2) love, (3) curiosity, (4) imitation, (5) emulation, (6) ambition, (7) pugnacity, (8) pride, (9) ownership, (10) constructiveness.[49] These are all considered by Scientific Management. Such as might have a harmful effect are supplanted, others are utilized. FEAR UTILIZED BY ANCIENT MANAGERS.--The native reaction most utilized by the first managers of armies and ancient works of construction was that of fear. This is shown by the ancient rock carvings, which portray what happened to those who disobeyed.[50] FEAR STILL USED BY TRADITIONAL MANAGEMENT.--Fear of personal bodily injury is not usual under modern Traditional Management, but fear of less progress, less promotion, less remuneration, or of discharge, or of other penalties for inferior effort or efficiency is still prevalent. FEAR TRANSFORMED UNDER SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.--Under Scientific Management the worker may still fear that he will incur a penalty, or fail to deserve a reward, but the honest, industrious worker experiences no such horror as the old-time fear included. This is removed by his knowledge 1. that his task is achievable. 2. that his work will not injure his health. 3. that he may be sure of advancement with age and experience. 4. that he is sure of the "square deal." Thus such fear as he has, has a good and not an evil effect upon him. It is an incentive to cooeperate willingly. Its immediate and ultimate effects are advantageous. LOVE, OR LOYALTY, FOSTERED BY SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.--The worker's knowledge that the management plans to maintain such conditions as will enable him to have the four assurances enumerated above leads to love, or loyalty, between workers and employers.[51] Far from Scientific Management abolishing the old personal and sympathetic relations between employers and workers, it gives opportunities for such relations as have not existed since the days of the guilds, and the old apprenticeship.[52] The cooeperation upon which Scientific Management rests does away with the traditional "warfare" between employer and workers that made permanent friendliness almost impossible. Cooeperation induces friendliness and loyalty of each member in the organization to all the others.