Commissioner Kernan: "Do you know of any organization that disciplines its members for resorting to violence?" Mr. Howard: "None, excepting the American Railway Union. Our argument is that the only weapons labor has to fight its battles with are the strike and the boycott. There is some talk about the ballot but some questions cannot be settled by the ballot. Only the array of labor in one solid phalanx will give it the power that will make strikes unnecessary." Commissioner Kernan: "Does not history show that on account of jealousies in your own ranks a complete organization of labor cannot be effected?" Mr. Howard: "Yes. That is history up to the present, but the workingman is doing more thinking to-day than ever before." Commissioner Kernan: "You regard such a strike as would be possible under the conditions you outline as a desirable thing for organized labor?" Mr. Howard: "No, sir. If employers would be a little more considerate of their men there would soon be no labor organizations in existence." Commissioner Kernan: "You do not say that all grievances are just, do you?" Mr. Howard: "No. Many of them are frivolous." Commissioner Kernan: "It is charged that there is a minority in all labor organizations who are practically enslaved by the will of the majority and that a man for that reason loses his independence when he joins a union?" Mr. Howard: "Well, I think the reverse is the rule. The hot heads and agitators in the labor movement are in the minority; the quiet, thinking men are always in the majority. It often happens that the man who is really most anxious to strike assumes an air of indifference or positive objection to such a move. He is merely waiting for a good excuse to stop and let the blame lie with some one else. He wants some one to order him to quit work so he can say to the superintendent that he is afraid to remain at work for fear of personal violence." Commissioner Kernan: "Was any other motive behind the strike other than to force a settlement with Mr. Pullman?" Mr. Howard: "No." Commissioner Kernan; "Was there any object in breaking the older unions so that the American Railway Union might profit thereby?" Mr. Howard: "While the increase in membership in the American Railway Union meant a decrease in the strength of the older organizations it was not the object of the strike to break down the older unions."