The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and Technology — John Shaqi
The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and TechnologyLevy, Stanley Isaac
Science
The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and Technology
Levy, Stanley Isaac
Rare earths
Dimorphous with Polycrase (_q.v._), and of same composition.
Orthorhombic; isomorphous with priorite (_q.v._).
G = 4·5-5·0; H = 6¹⁄₂. Bright black; translucent.
Hitterö and Arendal, Norway.
Blomstrandite.
Hydrated titano-columbate of U, with some Fe and Ca. TiO₂ = 10·7%.
Massive.
G = 4·17-4·25. H = 5¹⁄₂. Black; opaque.
Nohl, Sweden.
_Bodenite._
A variety of Allanite (_q.v._), rich in Al and Ca, with no Be. Yttr =
17; Cer = 18%.
Monoclinic.
As Allanite.
Boden, near Marienburg.
_Britholite._
A basic phosphosilicate of cerium metals, with Fe, Ca, Mg, Na, F. Cer
= 60·5-60·9%.
Hexagonal; habit prismatic.
G = 4·446. H = 5¹⁄₂. Brown; transparent.
Naujakasik, Greenland.
_Bröggerite._
A variety of Uraninite (_q.v._), with rare earths, Th, Pb, Fe, Ca, Si,
aq., etc. Cer = 0·4; Yttr = 1·4-4·3; ThO₂ = 4·7-6·1%. Traces of ZrO₂.
Cubic, in octahedra and dodecahedra.
G = 8·7-9·0. H = 5-6. Black; translucent to opaque.
Anneröd, near Moos, Norway.
~Brookite.~
Titanium dioxide, TiO₂ = 99-100%; trimorphous with Anatase and Rutile.
Orthorhombic.
G = 3·87-4·01. H = 5¹⁄₂-6. Brown; opaque.
Dauphiné; Urals; Switzerland; Magnet Cove, Arkansas.
_Calciothorite._
A variety of Thorite containing lime--5ThSiO₄,2Ca₂SiO₄ + 10H₂O. ThO₂ =
59·3%.
Completely amorphous.
G = 4·114. H = 4¹⁄₂. Deep red; translucent.
Islands of Läven and Arö, Langesund Fiord, Norway.
_Cappelenite._
A borosilicate of rare earth metals and barium, with traces of Th, Ca,
K, Na, aq. Approximately BaSiO₃, YBO₃. Cer = 4·2; Yttr = 52·5%.
Hexagonal; habit prismatic.
G = 4·407. H = 6-6¹⁄₂. Greenish brown; translucent.
Island of Klein-Arö, Langesund Fiord, Norway.
_Caryocerite_ (Karyocerite).
Complex fluosilicate of E, with Ta, Th, Ca; also CO₂, P₂O₅, B, Al, Fe,
Mn, U, Mg, Na, aq., etc. Approaching Melanocerite, (_q.v._), but
richer in Th. Very complex. Cer = 41·8; Yttr = 2·2; ThO₂ = 13·6; ZrO₂
= 0·5%.
Rhombohedral, but isotropic; apparently a pseudomorph after
Melanocerite (_q.v._)
G = 4·295. H = 5-6. Nut brown; translucent. Faces very brilliant, but
striated. Lustre vitreous to resinous.
Various rocks and shoals round Arö Island, Langesund Fiord, Norway.
_Castelnaudite._
A variety of Xenotime (_q.v._) containing Zr. Yttr = 60·4; ZrO₂ =
7·4%.
Tetragonal.
G = 4·5. H = 4-5. Greyish white to pale yellow.
Diamond sands of Brazil.
_Cataplejite_ (Kataplejite).
H₄(Na₂,Ca)ZrSi₃O₁₁. ZrO₂ = 29·6-40% (usually 30-33%).
Monoclinic, pseudohexagonal. Becomes truly hexagonal at 140°C.
G = 2·8. H = 6. Yellow to brown; transparent to opaque.
A blue variety is known which contains no calcium.
Islands of Langesund Fiord, Norway; Narsarsuk, Greenland.
~Cerite.~
A basic silicate of Cerium metals, with Ca and Fe. Approximately
H₃(Ca,Fe)Ce₃Si₃O₁₃. Cer = 50·7-71·8%. In a variety from Batoum,
Tschermak reports Yttr = 7·6 and ZrO₂ = 11·7%.
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