The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and TechnologyLevy, Stanley Isaac
Science
The Rare Earths: Their Occurrence, Chemistry, and Technology
Levy, Stanley Isaac
Rare earths
Tantalo-silicate and titanate of Zr, Ca, Na. ZrO₂ = 29-32%.
Anorthic.
G = 3·2. H = 5. Colourless to yellow; transparent.
Bohemia.
~Hellandite.~
3H₂0, 2R´´O, 3R´´´₂O₃, 4SiO₂, where R´´ = Ca, Mg, Th/2; R´´´ = E, Al,
Fe, Mn. E₂O₃ = 40%.
Monoclinic; habit prismatic.
G = 3·70. H = 5¹⁄₂. Reddish-brown when fresh.
Lindvikskollan and Kragerö, Norway.
Hiortdahlite.
3CaSiO₃,Ca(F,OH)NaZrO₃. ZrO₂ = 21·5; TiO₂ = 1·5%.
Anorthic; habit tabular.
G = 3·27; H = 5-5¹⁄₂. Yellow, with weak pleochroism.
Island of Läven, Langesund Fiord, Norway.
_Hjelmite_ (Hielmite).
A stanno-tantalate of Ca, Mn, Fe, E, related to Yttrotantalite
(_q.v._). E₂O₃ = 1-6%.
Orthorhombic.
G = 5·82. H = 5. Black; lustre metallic.
Fahlun, Sweden.
Homilite.
(Ca,Fe)₃(BO)₂(SiO₄)₂. Sometimes with ceria earths, 0-2·6%.
Monoclinic--isomorphous with Gadolinite (? Brögger).
G = 3·34-3·38. H = 4¹⁄₂-5. Black; pleochroic.
Islands of Lanegsund Fiord, Norway.
_Hussakite_ (Xenotime).
A prismatic form of Xenotime (_q.v._), erroneously supposed to contain
> 6% SO₃.
Diamond sands of Brazil.
Hydrotitanite.
An altered Perovskite (_q.v._) with Fe´´´ and aq. TiO₂ = 82·8%.
Amorphous.
G = 3·68. H = 1-2. Yellowish grey.
Magnet Cove, Arkansas.
~Ilmenite.~
FeTiO₃; composition varies widely. TiO₂ = 3·5-52·3%.
Rhombohedral.
G = 4·5-5. H = 5-6. Black; opaque. Slightly magnetic.
Norway; Dauphiné; Bohemia; Cornwall, etc.
Ilmenorutile.
FeO,Nb₂O₅,5TiO₂? TiO₂ = 66-75%.
Tetragonal, very near to Rutile (_q.v._).
G = 4·3-5·0. H = 6-7. Brown to black; opaque.
Ilmen Mountains, Russia.
_Johnstrupite._
Silico-titanate of E, Al, Mg, Ca, Na, etc., with F and aq. Cer = 13·5;
Yttr = 1·1; TiO₂ = 7-8; ThO₂ + ZrO₂ = 3·6%.
Monoclinic, very close to Epidote.
G = 3·19-3·29. H = 5. Brownish green; weakly pleochroic.
Islands of the Langesund Fiord, Norway.
_Kainosite_ (Cenosite).
CaY₂(SiO₃)₄,CaCO₃,2H₂O, where Y = Yttrium metals. Yttr = 30-37%.
Uncertain; pseudo-hexagonal.
G = 3·38-3·41. H = 5-6. Yellowish brown.
Hitterö and province of Nordmark, Norway.
~Keilhauite~ (Yttrotitanite).
An isomorphous mixture of Titanite (_q.v._) with (E,Al,Fe)SiO₅. E₂O₃ =
5-12; TiO₂ = 26-30%.
Monoclinic; isomorphous with Titanite.
G = 3·52-3·77. H = 6¹⁄₂. Brown to black.
Various localities in Norway.
_Kischtimite._
A fluocarbonate of the Cerium metals, near Parisite (_q.v._). Cer =
74·2%.
Massive.
G = 4·78. H = 4¹⁄₂. Yellowish brown; translucent.
Barsovka River, Kyshtymsk, Urals.
_Knopite._
A variety of Perovskite (_q.v._) containing E and Fe. Cer = 4-7; TiO₂
= 55%.
Pseudo-cubic.
G = 4·2. H = 5¹⁄₂. Grey; opaque; lustre metallic.
Alnö, Sweden.
_Kochelite._
A columbate of E, Fe, Zr; with ThO₂, SiO₂, Ca, aq., etc. Allied to
Fergusonite (_q.v._). Yttr = 17·22; ZrO₂ = 12·8; ThO₂ = 1·23%.
Doubtful; may be tetragonal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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