Having failed at court, Lippomano turned now to the bishops to arouse their loyalty and to rekindle their zeal. But here, too, he failed to meet with better success. Many of the bishops were ready to capitulate and to negotiate with the szlachta in order to save their bishoprics and their incomes. Some of them, like Drohojowski, bishop of Kuyavia, and Uchański, bishop of Chełm, were actually favorably disposed toward the reform movement. Others, again, like Zebrzydowski, bishop of Cracow, owing to past association with the reformers, were under constant suspicion. The only men among the Polish hierarchy upon whom the nuncio could rely were the Primate of Poland, Dzierzgowski, and the bishop of Warmya, Hosius; and of these two the primate had to be largely discounted as he had neither the learning nor the ability to be of any help in such a difficult situation. The legate had, therefore, no easy sailing to find support for his plans among the Polish bishops, or to keep them from associating with heretics.[150] Seeing the fruitlessness of his efforts among the bishops, he turned to the lower clergy, visiting churches, holding conferences with the members of the cathedral chapters and the parish priests. Here he met with better response and greater success. He discovered that the lower clergy were both more loyal and more concerned about the real needs of the church and the remedies to correct existing evils.[151] In this connection it is of interest to note the independence of the Polish bishops as regards their attitude toward Rome. A provincial synod under the presidency of the papal nuncio was called to meet at Łowicz on September 6, 1556. The Polish bishops wanted to confer _in corpore_, without the presence of the nuncio, and then to present to him the results of their conference and to get his opinion. The Polish bishops were opposed to permitting the nuncio to exert undue influence on their deliberations, and in this attitude they were supported even by Hosius, the one Polish prelate upon whom the nuncio counted most. The nuncio, however, would not consent to any such procedure in the deliberations. The disagreement became so acute that Bishop Hosius had to act as mediator between his colleagues and the legate. Since the latter would not yield, the bishops finally agreed to confer together in his presence.[152]