In Volhynia the bishopric of Łuck owned several tracts of land numbering 14 villages with an area of 2.77 square miles, and the cathedral chapter of Łuck was in possession of 5 additional villages of 64 hides of land, covering an area of 0.8 of a square mile.[278] Besides the Latin bishopric of Łuck, there were in Volhynia two Greek Orthodox bishoprics, Łuck and Włodzimierz. The two owned together good sized landed estates. The figures for the totals are lacking. But one of the estates of the Greek Orthodox bishop of Łuck numbered 6 villages of 33 hides of land. The estates of the bishop of Włodzimierz consisted of two sections, including 13 villages and 1 town and covering an area of 4.38 square miles.[279] In Podolia the estate of the bishop of Kamieniec consisted of 13 villages and 1 town and had an area of 2.4 square miles. This was further supplemented by a few other smaller properties.[280] When we come to Red Russia, we find that in that part of Poland the landed property of the church was composed of 98 villages and 8 towns, forming 3 per cent. of the total land under peasant cultivation in Red Russia.[281] Here most of the ecclesiastical lands were located in the “Ziemie” or districts of Sanok, Lwów, and Halicz. In the first they made up 5 per cent. of the total peasant cultivated lands, in the second 4 per cent., and in the third 3 per cent., although in the districts of Lwów and Halicz they maintained a percentage of four.[282] In Ukraina by far the most extensive and the best located estates were those of the Latin clergy. The largest contribution in the nature of a land tax paid into the Commonwealth Treasury in 1581 was that of the cathedral and the cathedral chapter of Wilno, 158 and 133 Polish florins respectively. The only other large land owners, approaching anywhere near the clergy, were the Wiśniowieckis and the Kmitas, the former paying a contribution of 110 złp. and the latter of 90 złp. All the rest averaged only 35 złp.[283] It is evident, therefore, that the Polish church belonged in the sixteenth century to the class of large property owners. Even in the eastern provinces of Podlasie, Volhynia, Podolia, Red Russia, and Ukraina, where its lands constituted a smaller percentage of the total land area cultivated by peasants than in the western provinces, the ecclesiastical estates were invariably large. Compared with the individual holdings of the Polish nobility and even of the crown, the estates of the bishops, cathedral chapters, and monastic institutions were everywhere baronial.[284]