Manuscripts--form of book, 61-65; period of, 19-33; two desiderata for, 46, 47; cost of, 29-36, 46, 54, 130; enemies of, 48; restoration of palimpsest, 63; repairing old and damaged, 49, 130; abundance of Bible and why, 33, 35-39; preservation of, 47, 48, 130, 165, 167; the preëminent "uncials": codex "א" (Sinaitic), 44, 64, 65, 147, 166; codex "B" (Vatican), 44, 64, 65; codex "A" (Alexandrian), 64, 65; codex "C" (Ephraem), 63, 64, 65; rare and embellished, 52-54, 93, 94, 159; the Septuagint, 141. Materials--variety and changes in, 44, 47, 55-58, 79; skin of animals, 59; leather, 59, 60, 61; parchment, 59; vellum, 59, 61, 147; papyrus, 57; preparation of papyrus, 67, 68; first form of books, 61, 62; letter form, 62; earliest known roll-books, 59; commerce in, 31, 70, 71; paper introduced in West, 73; variety of substances used in paper-making, 72; other materials displaced by paper, 75; development of paper-making and printing-press, 75; paper long made by hand, 75, 76; "India" paper, 76, 77; tablets of various kinds, 78-81, 101; protected tablets, 81, 82 (see Tablets). Manutius--and system of punctuation, 125. "Mazarin"--Bible, first printed book, 14; why so called, 14. Memory--phenomenal and reliable, 24-27. Middle Ages--referred to, 53, 63, 115, 116, 125, 163; bounds of, 127, 129; ignorance in, 130-132, 149, 150, 154; period of emergence (renaissance), 168, 169. Minstrelsy--relation to history and literature, 22-26. Moabite Stone--referred to, 79; discovered, described, and deciphered, 79, 108, 109; age and importance, 109-111; kinship with the Siloam Inscription, 111, 112. Monasteries--widely established, 148-152, 154-157, 159-168; seats of book-making industry, 157-159; depositories of books, 157-169; relation to learning, 150, 151, 156, 157, 162-164; extent and value of schools' instruction, 156, 160. Monasticism--origin of, 154, 155; extent of, 150-152, 155; weaknesses, 159, 160; contributions to society, 156-165, 168. Monks--copyists, 132, 157, 158, 161-165; civilizers, 162, 163, 164, 167; promoted learning and letters, 161-164. Moors--relation to civilization in Europe, 73; first paper-makers of Spain, 73. Museum--British, 59, 64, 80, 93, 104, 136; Alexandrian, 137, 138, 145; destruction of, 143, 145; Berlin, 80. Nippur--antiquity of, 133; results of explorations on site, 133-137. Notation--system, a development, 125, 126; "cipher" of, 126. "Orders"--first, 150, 155 (see monasteries, monasticism, monks). Paintings--mural, at Washington, 20, 21; on MSS, 52, 53, 54.