The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880Calderwood, Henry
Religion
The Relations of Science and Religion: The Morse Lecture, 1880
Calderwood, Henry
Religion and science
demolition required in the interests equally of intelligence, morality,
and religion. But whatever may be said of this destructive process as
one in which Christianity performs a conspicuous part, the religion of
Jesus recognizes a voice in the works of creation speaking to the hearts
of men, in all lands, insomuch that "there is no speech nor language
where their voice is not heard." Religious belief is thus recognized as
a natural possession, and reverence for the Most High as following by
rational sequence.
When therefore we offer a defence of the Christian faith and practice,
we necessarily undertake some defence of the varied manifestations of
natural religion presenting themselves in the world's history. We are
not precluded from assigning value to the loftier and purer thought of
ancient civilization testifying against "the gods many and lords many"
of the popular religion; nor do we refuse to make acknowledgment of
those ruder and baser examples of religious observance appearing among
tribes of uncivilized men in modern times. In defending religion, we are
upholding the lofty conceptions of the Greek philosopher, who said that
"God is not the author of evil, but of good only;" who declared that God
"is one and the same, immutably fixed in his own proper nature," and
that "God and his attributes are absolutely perfect."[B] On the other
hand, we can not escape the serious entanglement found among heathen
idolatries, for even while such idolatries are utterly condemned, we are
ready to maintain that the most irrational idolatries have more of
reason in them than the life which has been emptied of religious faith
and exercise.
In view of the wide range of natural religion, and the defence of it
here implied, we may define religion, as the recognition of a Sovereign
Intelligence originating and governing all dependent being, with the
homage due from intelligent beings to the Sovereign Intelligence. This
is the definition which will include all natural religion, and present
the ground of its defence in view of scientific suggestions and
perplexities.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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