The general result is that marked modifications of thought concerning the structure and order of the universe have arisen on account of scientific discoveries, to be accepted by theologians, as by all thinkers; that the bearing of these modifications on religious conceptions has been greatly mistaken by many scientific observers; and that it must be held clear by scientists and theologians alike, that while scientific methods are reliable within their own spheres, science can bear no testimony, and can offer no criticism, as to the supernatural, inasmuch as science is only an explanation of ascertained facts by recognition of natural law. In accordance with this last statement, it is maintained, that science does not reach, far less deal with, the problem concerning the origin of Nature, the solution of which can be found only by transcending Nature, that is, by recognizing the supernatural. In the course followed I believe the purpose of the eminent Physicist who founded the lecture, has been rigidly kept in view. I desire here to express to the President and Professors of Union Theological Seminary, my sense of their great kindness while I delivered the course of lectures in New York, and specially for so arranging as to allow of including the full course within eight lectures,--a form which has been retained in publication. I have also to express my thanks for the kind manner in which these lectures were received in Edinburgh, where, with the exception of the two first, the course was, by request, redelivered. H. C. UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH, _January 31st, 1881_ CONTENTS. LECTURE I. CONDITIONS OF THE INQUIRY. Advantages resulting from recent advances in physical science -- Advance does not unsettle the whole mass of conviction -- Religion and science agree in seeking a rational basis, and both present a body of harmonized conceptions -- Diversity of view is to be expected in both spheres -- Needless anxiety as to alleged conflict between science and religion -- The first requisite is to trace the boundaries of the two departments of thought -- Description of religion, natural and revealed -- Description of science, its method and sphere -- Common starting ground for both -- Each supplies inducement for seeking a harmony 9 LECTURE II. EXPERIENCE GATHERED FROM PAST CONFLICTS.