The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia — John Shaqi
The religions of ancient Egypt and BabyloniaSayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Religion
The religions of ancient Egypt and Babylonia
Sayce, A. H. (Archibald Henry)
Assyro-Babylonian religion; Egypt -- Religion
The plover was the bird usually chosen to represent the Ba, but at times
the place of the plover is taken by the hawk, the symbol of Horus and the
solar gods. That the soul should have been likened to a bird is natural,
and we meet with the same or similar symbolism among other peoples. Like
the bird, it flew between earth and heaven, untrammelled by the body to
which it had once been joined. From time to time it visited its mummy; at
other times it dwelt with the gods above. Now and again, so the
inscriptions tell us, it alighted on the boughs of the garden it had made
for itself in life, cooling itself under the sycamores and eating their
fruits. For the Ba was no more immaterial than the Ka; it, too, needed
meat and drink for its sustenance, and looked to its relatives and
descendants to furnish them.
But, as Professor Maspero(31) has pointed out, there was a very real and
fundamental difference between the idea of the Ka or double, and that of
the Ba or soul. The Ka was originally nourished on the actual offerings
that were placed in the tomb of the dead man; it passed into it through
the false door and consumed the food that it found there. But the soul had
ascended to the gods in heaven; it lived in the light of day, not in the
darkness of the tomb; and it is doubtful if it was ever supposed to return
there. To the gods accordingly was committed the care of the Ba, and of
seeing that it was properly provided for. By the power of prayer and
magical incantation, the various articles of food, or, more strictly
speaking, their doubles, were identified with the gods, and communicated
by the gods to the soul. Long before the days when the Pyramid texts had
been compiled, this theory of the nourishment of the soul was applied also
to the nourishment of the Ka, and the older belief in the material eating
and drinking of the Ka had passed away. All that remained of it was the
habitual offering of the food to the dead, a custom which still lingers
among the fellahin of Egypt, both Moslem and Copt.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account