primitive system which existed in Latium, probably at Alba, where Jupiter was worshipped on the mountain from time immemorial. When the strength of Latium was concentrated at the best strategical point on the Tiber, the priest of Jupiter was transferred to the new city, because he was too "precious" to be left behind, though even then a relic of antiquity. There he became what he was throughout Roman history, a practically useless personage, about whom certain sacred traditions had gathered, but placed in complete subjection to the new legal and religious king, and afterwards to the Pontifex maximus.[218] If there be any truth in this--and I believe it to be a legitimate inference from the legal position of this Flamen, and his permanent state of taboo--then I think we may see a great religious change in the era of the "calendar of Numa." Inspired with new ideas of the duty and destiny of the new city of the four regions, a priest-king, doubtless with the help and advice of a council, according to the true Roman fashion, put an end for ever to the reign of the old magician-kingship, but preserved the magician-king as a being still capable of wonder-working in the eyes of the people. As religious law displaced magic in the State ritual, so the new kings, with their collegia of legal priests, pontifices and augurs, neutralised and gradually destroyed the prestige of the effete survivor of an age of barbarism. NOTES TO LECTURE V. [185] Kornemann, _op. cit._ p. 87; Wissowa, _Gesammelte Abhandlungen_, p. 230 foll.; Mommsen, _Staatsrecht_, iii. p. 790, note 1. For the festival of the Septimontium, Varro, _L.L._ vi. 24; Plutarch, _Quaest. Rom._ 69; Fowler, _R.F._ p. 265 foll. This festival does not appear in the calendar, as not being "feriae populi, sed montanorum modo" (Varro, _l.c._). There are some interesting remarks on the relation between agricultural life and the origin of towns in von Jhering's _Evolution of the Aryan_ (Eng. trans.), p. 86 foll., with special reference to Rome. [186] Von Duhn in _J.H.S._ xvi. 126 foll. The latest research (Korte in Pauly-Wissowa, _s.v._ "Etrusker," p. 747) concludes that the arrival of the Etruscans on the west coast of Italy cannot be safely put earlier than the eighth century. [187] Huelsen-Jordan, _Rom. Topogr._ iii. 153. In a brief but masterly paper in the publications of the _American School at Rome_, 1908, p. 173 foll., J. B. Carter deals with the whole problem of the pomoerium and the pre-Servian city. [188] Wissowa, _R.K._ p. 27. [189] In _C.I.L._ i.^2, p. 297 foll. See _R.F._ p. 14 foll. [190] See the Fasti in _R.F._ p. 21 foll.; or in Wissowa, _R.K._, at end of the book.