The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885) — John Shaqi
The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885)Slouschz, Nahum
Religion
The Renascence of Hebrew Literature (1743-1885)
Slouschz, Nahum
Hebrew literature, Modern -- History and criticism
Kant's brilliant disciple, the profound thinker Solomon Maimon,
published only his exegetical works and his ingenious commentary on
Maimonides in Hebrew. Another Polish writer, Solomon Dubno (1735-1813),
one of the first to co-operate with Mendelssohn in his _Biur_, was
a remarkable grammarian and stylist. Among other things he wrote an
allegorical drama and a number of poetic satires. Of the latter, the
"Hymn to Hypocrisy", published in _Bikkure To'elet_, is a finished
production.
Judah Ben-Zeëb (1764-1811) published in Berlin a Manual of the Hebrew
Language (_Talmud Leshon 'Ibri_), planned on modern lines, a work
contributing greatly toward spreading a knowledge of philology and
rhetoric among the Jews. His Hebrew-German Dictionary and his Hebrew
version of Ben Sira are well known to Hebraists.
Isaac Satanow (1732-1804), a Pole residing at Berlin, was a curious
personage, interesting alike for the variety of his productions and the
oddity of his mental make-up. He possessed a surprising capacity for
assimilation. It was this that enabled him to excel, whether he imitated
the style of the Bible or the style of mediaeval authors. Hebrew and
Aramaic he handled with the same ingenious skill. All his works he
attributed to some ancient author. His collection of Proverbs, bearing
the name of the Psalmist Asaph (_Mishle Asaph_, Berlin, 1789 and
1792, in three books), would cut a respectable figure in any literature.
A few specimens of his _Mishle_, or maxims, follow:
"Truth springs from research, justice from intelligence. The
beginning of research is curiosity, its essence is discernment,
and its goal truth and justice" (7: 5, 6).
"On the day of thy birth thou didst weep, and those about thee
were glad. On the day of thy death thou wilt laugh, and those
about thee will sigh. Know then, thou wilt one day be born anew
to rejoice in God, and matter will no longer hinder thee" (15: 5,
6). [Footnote: A play upon words: _Geshem_ in Hebrew means
both "matter" and "rain."]
"Rule thy spirit lest others rule thy body" (24:2).
"Pincers are made by means of pincers; work is helped on by work,
and science by science" (34:23).
"Think not what is sweet to thy palate is sweet to thy neighbor's
palate. Not so; for many are the beautiful wives that are hated
by their husbands, and many the ill-featured wives that are
beloved" (43:6,7).
"Every living being leaves off reproducing itself in its old age;
but falsehood plays the harlot even in her decrepitude. The older
she grows, the deeper she strikes root in the ground, the more
numerous becomes her lying progeny, the further does it spread
abroad. Her lovers multiply, and those who pay respect to the old
adhere to her, that her name be not wiped from the face of the
earth" (42:29-31).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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