The republic of Cicero: Translated from the Latin; and Accompanied With a Critical and Historical Introduction.Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Philosophy
The republic of Cicero: Translated from the Latin; and Accompanied With a Critical and Historical Introduction.
Cicero, Marcus Tullius
Political science -- Early works to 1800; State, The -- Early works to 1800
XXVII. You have here then the origin of a tyrant, for the Greeks would
have this to be the name of an unjust king. Our ancestors indeed have
called all who have had an exclusive and perpetual dominion over the
people, kings. Thus Spurius Cassius, M. Manilius, and Spurius Mælius,
are said to have wished to establish a kingdom, and even * * * * * *
[Two pages wanting.]
XXVIII. Lycurgus gave the name of ancients[17] at Lacedemon, to that too
small number of twenty-eight, to whom he wished the whole authority of
counsel to be confided, while the sole command should be held by the
king. Wherefore our ancestors translating and adopting that term, those
whom he called ancients, they called a senate: as we have already stated
Romulus to have done with the select fathers. Nevertheless, the royal
title, and its strength and power were always pre-eminent. Impart too
something of power to the people, as was done by Lycurgus and Romulus,
and you will not satisfy them with freedom, but you will inflame them
with the passion of liberty, when you have only permitted them to taste
of power. The fear indeed will always hang over them, lest they should
have an unjust king, which generally happens. The fortune therefore of a
people is, as I said before, very uncertain, which is placed in the will
or conduct of one man.
XXIX. Wherefore this first form, example, and origin of a tyrant, is
found by us in that very government which Romulus instituted with
auspices, and not in that, which Plato says Socrates imagined to himself
in that peripatetic discourse. And as Tarquin subverted the whole fabric
of royalty, not because he grasped a new sort of authority, but because
he made a bad use of it; so let us oppose to him another; a good man,
wise and expert in every thing useful and dignified in civil life: a
tutor and steward as it were of the commonwealth, for so may be called
whoever is the ruler and governor of a state. Imagine to yourselves that
you recognise such a man; one who can protect the state, both by his
counsel and conduct. And since the name of such a man has not been
alluded to in this discourse, and that a character of this kind will be
frequently treated of in what remains to be said * * * * * *
[Twelve pages wanting.]
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