11.--Luitprand (d. 972), bishop of Cremona, wrote a chronicle and a report of his embassy to Constantinople. See Pertz, _Mon. Ger._, iii., 264; Henderson, _Hist. Docs. of the M. A._, 441. 12.--Adam of Bremen (d. 1076), a canon, wrote the only reliable history of the Scandinavian Church from 788 to 1076. Not in Eng. 13.--Orderic Vital (d. 1142), abbot in Normandy, wrote a Church history to 1142. Best work of the Middle Ages. In Eng., Bohn. Vols. 27, 28, 30, 36. 14.--Ptolemy of Lucca (d. 1312), a Dominican, and papal librarian, wrote a Church history to 1312. Not in Eng. 15.--St. Antoninus (d. 1459), archbishop of Florence, wrote the largest mediæval work from the creation to 1457. Not in Eng. 16.--Laurentius Valla (d. 1457), an Italian critic and scholar, wrote a history of the Church. Denounced the "Donation of Constantine" as a forgery. Work full of doubt. Not in Eng. 17.--Nicholas of Cusa (d. 1464), a cardinal, was a radical critic in his early days but temperate in later life. His works not in Eng. 18.--John of Tritenheim (d. 1516) was among the first historians to write from the sources. Not in Eng. 19.--Albert Cranz (d. 1517), a canon of Hamburg, wrote "The Metropolis," a critical history of the Church in northern Germany from 780 to 1504. Not in Eng. B.--Roman Catholic historians after the Reformation: I.--Italian: 1.--Baronius (d. 1607), a cardinal, wrote _Annales Ecclesiastici_ in 12 fol. vols. The work of 30 years. Invaluable. Not in Eng. Written to refute the Protestant _Magdeburg Centuries_. Continued from 1198 to 1566 by Raynaldus, to 1571 by Laderchi, to 1584 by Theiner. Pagi made valuable corrections. Best defence of the mediæval papacy. 2.--Caspar Saccarelli wrote _Historia Ecclesiastica_ to 1185. Pub. in Rome, 1771-96, in 25 quarto vols. 3.--Muratori (d. 1750) made a valuable collection of Italian historians and original documents from 500 to 1500. Not in Eng. 4.--Mansi (d. 1769) edited a valuable and very complete edition of the councils. Not in Eng. 5.--Orsi (1761), a Dominican cardinal, wrote a Church history for the first six centuries. Continued by others to the Council of Trent. Not in Eng. For other Italian historians see Alzog, i., 49. II.--French: 1.--Natalis Alexander (d. 1724) wrote a clear, deep Church history to 1600. Its Gallican spirit put it in the Index till corrected. 2.--Abbé Fleury (d. 1723) wrote a Church history to 1414 in 20 vols. from the sources. Continued to 1595 by Fabre. First 3 vols. pub. in Eng. at Oxf., in 1842.