3.--Spanheim (d. 1649) worked out a history from the sources to 16th cent. Aimed at Baronius. Eng. transl. 4.--Arnold (d. 1714) wrote an _Impartial History of the Church and of Heretics_ to 1688. "Learned, but fanatical." 5.--Mosheim (d. 1755) wrote _Institutes of Ecclesiastical History_. Marks an epoch in the writing of Church history. Several Eng. transls. 6.--Schröckh (d. 1808) wrote large work in 45 vols. on epoch plan, to end of 18th cent. Rich in historical material. 7.--Henke (d. 1809) wrote a general history in a very rationalistic style. 8.--Neander (d. 1850), professor in Berlin, the "Father of Modern Church History," wrote _A General History of the Christian Religion and Church_ to 1430. Based on the sources. Several Eng. transls. Torrey's the best. 9.--Gieseler (d. 1854), professor in Göttingen, wrote a history from the sources to 1648. Various Eng. transls. Excellent. 10.--Baur (d. 1860), professor in Tübingen, produced a _History of the Christian Church_ in 5 vols. In Eng. 11.--Hagenbach (d. 1874), professor in Basle, wrote a general history of the Church in 7 vols. In Eng. II.--French: 1.--Chastel (d. 1886), professor at Geneva, wrote a complete history of the Church in 5 vols. 2.--D'Aubigné (d. 1872), professor at Geneva, wrote a general history of the Reformation in 13 vols. In Eng. 3.--Renan, E. (d. 1892), was educated for the Catholic priesthood, but he early gave up that calling and devoted himself to history and literature. He produced many works of great value on early Church history. III.--English: 1.--Gibbon (d. 1794) devoted twenty years to his history of the _Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire_. To 1453. Still very valuable. Best ed. by Bury. Lond., 1896. 2.--Milner (d. 1797) wrote a _History of the Church of Christ_ in popular form. 3.--Dean Waddington (d. 1869) penned six "high and dry" vols. on the Church. 4.--Robertson (d. 1882), professor in King's College, London, wrote a _History of the Christian Church_ to 1517. Fairly well done from the sources. 5.--Milman (d. 1868), among other works, wrote the _History of Latin Christianity_ to 1455 in 8 vols. Excellent. 6.--Dean Stanley (d. 1881) has given us histories of the Eastern Church and Jewish Church in a pure, plain style. 7.--Creighton (d. 1901), has written the best _History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome_. 6 vols. Invaluable. IV.--American: 1.--Smith (d. 1877), professor in Union Theological Seminary, worked out the history of Christianity in 16 chronological tables, (1860).