[117:3] Socrates, i., ch. 2. [117:4] Döllinger; J. H. Newman; Guericke, Uhlhorn, etc. [117:5] Supported by best modern critical writers like Schroeck, Neander, Gieseler, Mansi, Milman, Keim, Heinicken, Schaff, Harnack, etc. For like examples see Whymper, _Scrambles among the Alps_, ch. 22; Gieseler, i., § 56; Stanley, 288; Peary, _Narrative of an Attempt to Reach the North Pole_, 99, 100; Seymour, _The Cross in Tradition_, 103 _ff._ [117:6] This theory is defended by Gibbon, Lardner, Waddington, Burckhardt, Hoornbeeck, Thomasius, Arnold, etc. They seem to ignore all proofs. [118:1] Euseb., _Eccl. Hist._, ix., ch. 9; _Life of Const._, i., ch. 40. The triumphal arch was not set up till 315. [118:2] Euseb., _Life of Const._, i., ch. 42. [118:3] Euseb., _Eccl. Hist._, x., ch. 5, 7. [118:4] Ibid., _Eccl. Hist._, viii., 17; edict given in _Transl. and Reprints_, iv., No. 1, p. 28. _Cf._ Lactantius, ch. 34, 35. [118:5] Neander, ii., 12, 13. [119:1] Euseb., _Eccl. Hist._, x., 5. The Edict of Milan is given in _Transl. and Reprints_, iv., No. 1, p. 29. It is thought by some that the Edict of Milan refers to an edict issued by Constantine in 312 but now lost. That possibility seems very doubtful. _Cf._ Lactantius, ch. 48. [119:2] Euseb., _Eccl. Hist._, x., ch. 7; Sozom., i., 9; Cod. Theod., xvi., 2, 1, 2, 3. [120:1] Cod. Justin., iii., tit. 12, 1, 3. [120:2] Moeller, i., 298. He at once issued edicts of toleration for Christians in the East. Euseb., _Life of Const._, ii., ch. 24 _ff._ [121:1] Euseb., _Life of Const._, iii., ch. 55, 56, 58; iv., ch. 25, 37, 38. [121:2] _Ibid._, ii., ch. 44, 45; iii., ch. 56, 58; iv., ch. 25. [121:3] For further opinions of like character read Brieger, Flasch, Baur, etc. [122:1] Sozom., i., 8; Cod. Theod. and Cod. Justin are full of these instances. [122:2] Euseb., _Life of Const._, iii., ch. 3, 49; iv., ch. 15. [122:3] _Ibid._, ii., ch. 44, 45; iii., ch. 48; iv., ch. 24. [122:4] _Ibid._, ii., ch. 45; iii., 33-39, 41, 42, 43, 48, 58; iv., 28, 58-60. [122:5] Brooks, _Date of the Death of Constantine_; Euseb., _Life of Const._, iv., 62-64. [123:1] Dyer, _City of Rome_, 312. [123:2] Cod. Theod., xii., i., 21; v., 2; Neander, ii., 20. [123:3] _Ibid._, 19. [123:4] Cod. Theod., ix., 16, 1, 2; Zos., ii., ch. 29. [123:5] Zos., ii., ch. 31; Moeller, i., 299. [123:6] Neander, ii., 20, 21. [124:1] Euseb., _Life of Const._, ii., ch. 44. [124:2] This last charge is now discredited by some authorities. [124:3] Eutropius, _Breviarium_, x., 4. [124:4] Euseb., _Life of Const._, iv., ch. 24. [125:1] Cutts, _Const. the Great_, 419. [126:1] See Cutts, _Const. the Great_, 128. [127:1] Cod. Theod., xvi., 10, 4. [127:2] Gieseler, i., § 75. [128:1] Negri, _Julian the Apostate_, 2 vols., N. Y., 1905; King, _Julian the Emp._, Lond., 1888; Gardner, _Julian, Philosopher and Emp._, N. Y., 1895; Rendall, _The Emperor Julian_, Lond., 1879; Sozom., vi., 2; Theodoret, iii., 25. [128:2] Sozom., vi., 3.