In order to provide room for so much additional matter as was essential to the elucidation of the great reforms needed in the subjects of Land Nationalisation, Credit, Currency, and Exchange, it has been found expedient to omit from this edition some disquisitions on subjects of ephemeral and passing interest, not closely connected with the scope of the Work. Ample compensation, however, has been given in the additions which have been made for the elucidation and enforcement of the saving truths herein contained. “SPARTACUS.” CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PROLETARIANISM SPRUNG FROM CHATTEL SLAVERY. Importance of Social Reform--Universality of covert or open Slavery--Partial Prevalence of Working Class--Origin in Proletarianism--Advent of Christianity--its Effects on Slavery--Middle and Working Classes the product of Emancipations--Classification of the _Proletariat_ 1 CHAPTER II. ORIGIN OF SLAVERY IN PATERNAL AUTHORITY. Antiquity of Slavery--anterior to Legal Institution--Examples cited from Ancient History--Arose from Patriarchal Government--despotic Power of Head of Family--Marriage Custom of Purchase--Aristocratic Governments favourable to Development--Decadence under Republics 8 CHAPTER III. CAUSES OF PARENTAL DESPOTISM. Evidences from Egypt and Persia--Supreme Authority of Family Head--First Legal Limitation under Roman Empire--Necessity for gradual Growth of Slavery--Source of Paternal Riches--Importance of Chief of Family 13 CHAPTER IV. INCREASE AND CONSOLIDATION OF SLAVERY. Sanction given by Law and Public Opinion--Various Causes of Enslavement--Practices of Ancient Germans--Analogy in Modern Commercial and Funding Systems and Expatriation of Irish Peasantry--Slavery among the Jews 19 CHAPTER V. OPINION OF THE ANCIENT WORLD ON SLAVERY. Permanence of Slavery under all Revolutions--Ignorance of principle of Human Equality--Theory and Personal Experience of Plato--Contentment of Slaves with their Condition--Occasional Comfort and Happiness of Slaves--Absence of Revolts against Slavery--Social and Political Rights ignored by Greeks and Romans 26 CHAPTER VI. UNIVERSALITY OF PUBLIC OPINION AS TO MASTER AND SLAVES. System acquiesced in by Slave-Class--Insurrections and Rebellions from other causes than Hatred of Slavery--Rising under Spartacus--conditions wanting for Success--Contrast of Modern Aspirations after Freedom--Example from enslaved Roman Citizens--Preference of Slaves for their Condition 33 CHAPTER VII. COMPARISON OF ANCIENT AND MODERN SLAVERY.