and crime--_as characteristic of a class or of a system_. Individual or isolated cases there might be, and these chiefly amongst the manumitted; but there was no large class of persons subsisting by such means--no outlawed class compelled, as it were, by the very first law of nature--self-preservation--to erect such means into a system in order to preserve life. Social evils there were--frightful evils--under the old pagan system. Slavery itself was an evil--an appalling evil--under even its most favourable conditions. But fearful as those evils were--hateful as direct slavery must ever be while man is man--the ancient pagan world has exhibited nothing so revolting and truly abominable as the development and progress of Proletarianism, which was consequent upon the breaking up of the old system of slavery, and which has ever since gained more and more strength in every age, till, in our times, it has made Proletarians of three-fourths of the people of every civilized country, and threatens society itself with actual dissolution. Strange that what God designed to be man’s greatest blessing should be made man’s greatest curse by man’s own perversity! Yet so it is with almost every good thing designed or invented to perfect man in wisdom and civilization. It is so with science and machinery, it is so with money; it is so with public credit; it is so with mercantile enterprise; it is so with the institution of private property; and so, also, it has hitherto been with the divine institution of Christianity itself.