The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine danceRadin, Paul
Religion
The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine dance
Radin, Paul
Thesis (Ph. D.); Winnebago Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
On the morning after the last of the four nights, the candidate is
given some sacrificial tobacco, and told to go in search of a stone
for the sweat-bath. He selects a stone that he can carry on his back
easily. Before picking it up, he pours tobacco on it. As soon as the
stone is brought to the lodge of the host, it is heated. The candidate
is now despatched for some oak-branches, four pieces of oak-wood about
two feet and a half in length, and some grass. The grass is used for
improvised seats. The oak-wood is used for the four construction poles
of the sweat-lodge. They are placed in the east, north, west, and
south points respectively. It is not permitted to trim the tops of the
oak-wood. When all the bands have gathered near the medicine-lodge, and
retired to their improvised lodges, the ancestor-host and the candidate
go to the lodge of the East leader (that is, to the lodge of the band
first invited), and greet him by touching his head with their hand.
He answers with “ho-o-o.” The leader of the first band rises, and,
accompanied by his two assistants, goes to the sweat-lodge. The
ancestor-host goes to the lodges of the other bands and greets the
leaders in a similar manner. After the leader and assistants of the
band last invited have entered the sweat-lodge, the ancestor-host, the
candidate, and his assistants enter, and the ceremonies begin.
After the ceremonial salutation and an introductory speech, the
ancestor-host, as the leader of the band giving the Medicine Dance
may now be called, rises, and, taking his invitation-stick and some
tobacco, approaches the leader of each band, and, blessing him, thanks
him for coming, and assures him at the same time to how great a degree
his presence will contribute toward the success of the performance of
the ritual. He then returns to his seat. The leaders thank him in turn.
Now follow the fire and smoking rituals, which in turn are followed
by twelve speeches of a general and of an explanatory character. Then
comes the “strengthening” ritual; and immediately after come two
exceedingly long myths describing the initiation of the first man
into the secrets of the lodge, as well as the symbolic meaning of
the shooting ritual. All now undress and take a sweat-bath. Female
candidates are excluded. A number of short speeches follow, and the
whole concludes with the exit ritual.
The drum and gourds are used to accompany the song. The basic ritual
is perhaps present, to a certain extent. However, it was impossible to
witness the ritual, and for this reason the procedure seems somewhat
hazy to the writer.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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