The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine danceRadin, Paul
Religion
The ritual and significance of the Winnebago medicine dance
Radin, Paul
Thesis (Ph. D.); Winnebago Indians -- Rites and ceremonies
The Ojibwa interpretation of the Midewiwin is seen in all its details
in the birch-bark records.[9] A mide of the second degree can look into
futurity; can hear what is transpiring at a distance; can touch, for
good or for evil, friends and enemies at a distance, however remote;
and has the ability to traverse all space in the accomplishment of
his desires or duties.[10] A bad mide of this degree has the power of
assuming the form of any animal. In this guise he may destroy the life
of his victim immediately, and then resume his human form and appear
innocent of the crime. A “fourth-degree mide” is presumed to be in
a position to accomplish the greatest feats in necromancy and magic.
He is not only endowed with the power of reading the thoughts and
intentions of others, but also of calling forth the shadow (soul) and
of retaining it within his grasp at pleasure.
From the above it will be seen that the Midewiwin covered practically
all the religious and the shamanistic ideas of the Ojibwa.
C. DESCRIPTION OF THE MENOMINEE MIDEWIWIN
Among the Menominee, initiation generally takes place as a substitution
of one individual for one who has died, although any person who gives
proof of eligibility is accepted. The former is by far the more common
method. Generally a person makes the promise of procuring a substitute
for some deceased member, and a favorite relative or dear friend of the
deceased may be elected. There are four mide-priests who determine upon
the candidacy and appoint an instructor. The instruction the candidate
receives is confined to the knowledge of the remedies known to the
instructor.[11] Each remedy must be paid for separately. The four
mide-priests select two sets of assistants and two ushers, who all play
a prominent part in the ceremonies proper.[12]
When a candidate is taking the place of a deceased member, the
ceremonies begin at the grave of the latter,[13] and, after a service
which lasts from dusk of one day to dawn of the next, all proceed to
the Midewiwin lodge. But only the four highest officiating medicine-men
enter. After a ritual which consists of chants and speeches of welcome,
and the passing of the drum from the first to the other three mide,
the other members who are to take an active part enter. A short ritual
then takes place, after which the second set of mide enter and another
ritual follows. Then the ordinary and visiting mide enter, the former
taking seats according to the phratries to which they belong; and the
candidate, his nearest relations, and he who had promised to give the
feast, enter with them and take seats near the mide of the first group.
Finally the third set of mide enter. The seating in the lodge is,
candidate, friends, etc., near the eastern end; first four mide, next
to them; second set, on northern side near western entrance; and third
set of mide, at the middle of the southern side.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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